2023(甲)常年期第五主日:人要怎样才能成为盐和光?

人要怎样才能成为盐和光?
福音:玛 5:13-16

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

在今天的福音中,耶稣运用盐和光的形象来界定门徒和他们的使命。以色列拉比经常说:“以色列民族的梅瑟五书(Torah) —— 天主赐给自己百姓的神圣法律 —— 就如同盐一样,世界离了盐,就不能生活。”耶稣把这样的形象,用在自己门徒身上。

盐的第一个,也是最直接的用途就是:用来给食物调味。自古以来,盐成了的“智慧”的象征。这一形象表明:门徒必须给世界带来能给生活带来滋味的意义的智慧。

盐不仅被用来给食物调味;它也用来给食物保鲜,避免食物腐坏。基督徒是世上的盐:有了他/她的存在,他/她就能呼吁预防腐败,决不允许社会受恶人的引导,以致腐烂败坏。在生疑的世界中,人的生命,自世界受造以来,神圣不可侵犯,基督徒是盐,使人想起自己的神圣性。在有性行为,同居行为,人因通奸,受到轻看的地方,他们不再按照他们的名字称呼他们,而是称他们是基督徒,在那里,基督徒想起了男女和谐的圣洁,天主对婚姻之爱所怀有的计划。在人寻求益处的地方,门徒是给食物保鲜的盐,时常自甘奉献,勇敢给每人提供建议。

真福八端以后,耶稣立即讲了盐的比喻。如果基督徒不带添加,不带改变,不做选择,完全接受救主的训示,不以不确定和借口,不试图软化对自己的要求,使“盐”更能发挥作用。

举例:耶稣说:人需要与人分享他们的资产,转过脸去,七十次宽恕。这就是福音中盐的特有滋味。然而,对我们而言,增加一点“常识”的诱惑总是隐约可见。争论的地方在于:人做事,不能过分,必须考虑自己,如果人对他人过于宽恕,使他人得益,除非必要,人不应诉诸暴力,以致妥协。这样做,就会使福音失去自己的滋味。

耶稣把自己的门徒称作“世界的光”,宣告天主托付给以色列人的使命,就是成为世界的光,注定要藉着他们,继续完成。灯台的形象,令人愉悦:我们受人介绍,来到一户上加里肋亚农户的简陋房舍,在这简陋的房舍里,有一点亮的油灯。它被放在一个铁架上,被放在架子的顶端,好能照亮屋子最隐藏的角落。没有一人会想着把它放在碗里。

这样的邀请,并非是要掩盖,要遮掩福音中,最具挑战的部分。门徒不必担心给耶稣的动议提供辩护或作出辩解。他们只是毫不畏惧地宣告,并不害怕被人嘲笑或受人迫害。为人而言,他们是“在暗中照耀的灯,直到天明,星晨在你们心中升起的时候。”(伯后1:19)

感谢 Armellini 神父提供文段用作分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

Homily for 5th Sunday in Ordinary Time in Year A

How could one become salt and light?
Gospel: Matthew 5:13-16

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries


In today’s Gospel, Jesus uses the images of salt and light to define the disciples and their mission. The rabbis of Israel used to say: “The Torah—the holy Law given by God to his people—is like salt and the world cannot live without salt.” Jesus applies this image to the disciples.

The first and most immediate use of salt is that of giving flavor to foods. Since ancient times, salt has become the symbol of “wisdom.” The image indicates that the disciples must bring to the world a wisdom capable of giving flavor and meaning to life.

Salt is used not only to give flavor to foods; it is also used to preserve food, to prevent them from becoming stale. The Christian is salt of the earth: with her/his presence s/he is called upon to prevent corruption, not to allow society guided by wicked principles to rot and go into decay. In a world where inviolability of human life from its beginning to its natural end is doubted, the Christian believer is salt that reminds of its sacredness. Where sexuality, cohabitation, and adultery are trivialized, and are no longer called by their names, there the Christian reminds of the holiness of the man-woman rapport and God’s plan for marital love. Where one seeks one’s own advantage, the disciple is salt that preserves, always reminding everyone of the heroic proposal, the gift of self.

The parable of the salt is told immediately after the beatitudes. The Christian is salt if s/he accepts in full the proposals of the Master without additions, without changes, without the “howevers,” “ifs” and “buts” with which one tries to soften them to make them less demanding and seemingly more workable.

For example, Jesus says that there is a need to share one’s assets, to turn the other cheek, to forgive seventy times seven. This is the characteristic taste of the salt of the Gospel. However, the temptation for us to add a bit of “common sense” looms always. The arguments that one must not overdo but must also think of oneself, if one forgives others too much, they take advantage, or one should not resort to violence unless it is necessary are ways the gospel message gets compromised and loses its flavor.

Calling his disciples “light of the world,” Jesus declares that the mission entrusted by God to Israel to be the light of the world was destined to continue through them. The image of the lamp is delightful: we are introduced to the humble home of an upper Galilee peasant where a lamp of oil in clay is lighted. It is put on an iron stand and placed on top so that it can illuminate even the most hidden corners of the house. No one would think of hiding it under a bowl.

The invitation is not to conceal, to veil the most challenging parts of the Gospel message. The disciples do not have to worry to defend or justify the proposals of Jesus. They just announce it without fear, without fear of being ridiculed or persecuted. It will be for people as a lamp “shining in a dark place until the break of day when the morning star shines in your hearts” (2 Pt 1:19).

Indebted to Fr. Armellini SCJ for textual analys

©Claretian Missionaries

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

2023(甲)常年期第四主日:成為真正神貧的人

成為真正神貧的人
福音:瑪5:1-12

Fr Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

今天的福音由真福八端構成。試圖在這狹小的空間對真福八端的全部進行反思是徒勞的。相反,我們聚焦在第一端:“貧窮的人是福的。”很難說,有多少種對真福八端的解讀。

有些人把乞丐解作被剝削之人,是某種為天主所中悅的人,可以確定的是:所有人都要像他們一樣!當然,這是一種荒謬,離經叛道的解釋。天主所夢想的人類,不是祂貧窮的兒女,祂所夢想的人類,“沒有一人是貧窮的。”(參看:宗4:34)

另有一些人相信“神貧的人:是那些保有他們所擁有的產業,卻與他們割捨,慷慨提供給那些不幸的人。但是,即使在某些(鮮有的)聖經文本所推介的施捨,也沒有把世界推入“新的公義”之中;它沒有從根本上解決因存有在世界上有窮人和富人的觀點,由此所造成的財產分配不均的問題。

“各自為政”的原則,鞏固了我們的正義觀,看似是有賢明的,是明智的。然而,這似乎是一個錯誤的前提,事實上:“世界和世上的一切屬於上主,天地萬物和其中的居民,歸於上主。”(詠24(23):1)人類只是財產的管理人,他必要被召對他(她)所管理的財產進行說明。

我們所運用的全部形容所有的詞彙,是我們對一種現實觀念的錯誤表述:如果一切都是天主的,討論你所擁有的,我所擁有的,甚至是我們所擁有的,都毫無意義,因為一切都是造物主的。

在財物方面,耶穌從來沒有表現出對憤世嫉俗的哲學家所特有的輕看態度。為祂而言:當“不義的錢財”被拿來,施捨給窮人(參看:路16:19)時,這也是良善的。儘管祂從未譴責這事,然而,祂把這事看作威脅:“這成了許多人進入天國時,無可逾越的障礙。”(參看:瑪19:23)人得到的寵愛越多,得到的財富越多,就越使自己的心與這些財富系在一起,把這一切佔有己有,任性運用這一切。

那些想要追隨祂的人 —— 就是那些想要成聖的人 —— 耶穌對他們的要求是:完全的超脫。“如果你們不捨棄你們擁有的一切,你們中間,沒有一個能成為我的門徒。”(路14:23)

對真福八端的理解,應被解讀為:是一項“我們從天主那裡得到的,都應分享”的基本原則。

耶穌沒有如此稱譽過貧窮。祂藉著加上“精神”的限定詞,清楚表明:並不是所有的窮人都是有福的。唯有一人,自甘除去自己所擁有的一切,按照天主的計畫,管理財富的人,才是有福的。

神貧的人,是指那些決定:使自己不佔有任何財物,使自己所領受的,為他人都是可及的。請注意:按照福音,窮人並不是一無所有的,而是那些不願為自己保留一切的人。

憐憫人的人,無須成為“神貧的人”。他/她不是在詛咒他/她自己和人。如果他/她想要通過暴力和誆騙,提升他/她自己的狀況,如果他/她被人作為,他對他人失去興趣,或者,如果他/她想有朝一日,能獲得富人一般的崇高地位。那麼,他/她就不是憐憫人的人。

自甘貧窮,是為所有人的:宣告放棄自己任性運用自己擁有的一切,並不是某個可選項,並不是給那些想要成為他人的英雄,或比別人更成全之人保留的建議。這就是聖人與每位基督徒的不同之處。

與真福八端相隨的應許,並非指向於一個遙遠的未來。 真福八端,並不能保證,所有人死後,一定能進入天堂,而是立即的宣告“因為天國是他們的。”自人選擇成為窮人,使自己仍是窮人的那一刻,人就進入“天國”,屬於諸聖的家人。

這真福八端,不是一則任性而為的訊息,而是一則帶有希望的訊息:眾人都成了“神貧”的人,那時,沒有一人會處於急難中,當他們把從天主那裡領受的一切,都用作服務他人時,正如天主所做的一樣,“聖者”雖然擁有的一切,卻是貧窮的:祂毫不保留,凡事賞賜,甚至賜下自己的聖子。

感謝 Armellini 神父提供文段用作分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

2023(甲)常年期第四主日:成为真正神贫的人

成为真正神贫的人
福音:玛5:1-12

Fr Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

今天的福音由真福八端构成。试图在这狭小的空间对真福八端的全部进行反思是徒劳的。相反,我们聚焦在第一端:“贫穷的人是福的。”很难说,有多少种对真福八端的解读。

有些人把乞丐解作被剥削之人,是某种为天主所中悦的人,可以确定的是:所有人都要像他们一样!当然,这是一种荒谬,离经叛道的解释。天主所梦想的人类,不是祂贫穷的儿女,祂所梦想的人类,“没有一人是贫穷的。”(参看:宗4:34)

另有一些人相信“神贫的人:是那些保有他们所拥有的产业,却与他们割舍,慷慨提供给那些不幸的人。但是,即使在某些(鲜有的)圣经文本所推介的施舍,也没有把世界推入“新的公义”之中;它没有从根本上解决因存有在世界上有穷人和富人的观点,由此所造成的财产分配不均的问题。

“各自为政”的原则,巩固了我们的正义观,看似是有贤明的,是明智的。然而,这似乎是一个错误的前提,事实上:“世界和世上的一切属于上主,天地万物和其中的居民,归于上主。”(咏24(23):1)人类只是财产的管理人,他必要被召对他(她)所管理的财产进行说明。

我们所运用的全部形容所有的词汇,是我们对一种现实观念的错误表述:如果一切都是天主的,讨论你所拥有的,我所拥有的,甚至是我们所拥有的,都毫无意义,因为一切都是造物主的。

在财物方面,耶稣从来没有表现出对愤世嫉俗的哲学家所特有的轻看态度。为祂而言:当“不义的钱财”被拿来,施舍给穷人(参看:路16:19)时,这也是良善的。尽管祂从未谴责这事,然而,祂把这事看作威胁:“这成了许多人进入天国时,无可逾越的障碍。”(参看:玛19:23)人得到的宠爱越多,得到的财富越多,就越使自己的心与这些财富系在一起,把这一切占有己有,任性运用这一切。

那些想要追随祂的人 —— 就是那些想要成圣的人 —— 耶稣对他们的要求是:完全的超脱。“如果你们不舍弃你们拥有的一切,你们中间,没有一个能成为我的门徒。”(路14:23)

对真福八端的理解,应被解读为:是一项“我们从天主那里得到的,都应分享”的基本原则。

耶稣没有如此称誉过贫穷。祂藉着加上“精神”的限定词,清楚表明:并不是所有的穷人都是有福的。唯有一人,自甘除去自己所拥有的一切,按照天主的计划,管理财富的人,才是有福的。

神贫的人,是指那些决定:使自己不占有任何财物,使自己所领受的,为他人都是可及的。请注意:按照福音,穷人并不是一无所有的,而是那些不愿为自己保留一切的人。

怜悯人的人,无须成为“神贫的人”。他/她不是在诅咒他/她自己和人。如果他/她想要通过暴力和诓骗,提升他/她自己的状况,如果他/她被人作为,他对他人失去兴趣,或者,如果他/她想有朝一日,能获得富人一般的崇高地位。那么,他/她就不是怜悯人的人。

自甘贫穷,是为所有人的:宣告放弃自己任性运用自己拥有的一切,并不是某个可选项,并不是给那些想要成为他人的英雄,或比别人更成全之人保留的建议。这就是圣人与每位基督徒的不同之处。

与真福八端相随的应许,并非指向于一个遥远的未来。 真福八端,并不能保证,所有人死后,一定能进入天堂,而是立即的宣告“因为天国是他们的。”自人选择成为穷人,使自己仍是穷人的那一刻,人就进入“天国”,属于诸圣的家人。

这真福八端,不是一则任性而为的讯息,而是一则带有希望的讯息:众人都成了“神贫”的人,那时,没有一人会处于急难中,当他们把从天主那里领受的一切,都用作服务他人时,正如天主所做的一样,“圣者”虽然拥有的一切,却是贫穷的:祂毫不保留,凡事赏赐,甚至赐下自己的圣子。

感谢 Armellini 神父提供文段用作分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

Homily for 4th Sunday in Ordinary Time in Year A

Being Truly Poor in Spirit
Gospel: Matthew 5:1-12


Fr Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

The gospel today consists of the beatitudes. It is futile to attempt to make a reflection on the whole of the beatitudes in this small space. Instead, we concentrate on the first one, “Blessed are the poor.” It is hard to say in how many ways this beatitude has been interpreted.

Some interpret that the beggars, the exploited were the kind of people God is pleased with and it should be ensured that all become like them! It is, of course, an absurd, deviant interpretation. The humanity dreamed by God is not the one in which his children are poor but one in which “no one is poor” (Acts 4:34).

Others believe that the “poor in spirit” are those who, while maintaining the possession of their property, are detached from them and generous in bestowing offerings to the less fortunate. But alms—even recommended in some (rare) biblical texts—do not introduce into the world the “new justice”; it does not solve the root problem of the inequitable division of assets because the concept believes in the existence of the rich and poor on earth.

The principle of “to each his own” that underpins our justice seems wise and sensible. But it stems from a false premise that something belongs to someone, while, in fact, everything is of God: “The Lord’s is the earth and its fullness, the universe and its inhabitants” (Ps 24:1). That someone is only an administrator of goods, and s/he will be called to render an account of this administration.

All possessive adjectives that we use express an erroneous conception of reality: if all is of God, it makes no sense to talk about mine, yours, and not even of ours because everything is of the Creator.

In respect to goods, Jesus never assumed the attitude of contempt that characterized the cynical philosophers. For him, the “dishonest wealth” also becomes good when it is distributed to the poor (Lk 16:19). However, although he never condemned it, he regarded it as a threat, “an obstacle—insurmountable for many—to enter the kingdom of heaven” (Mt 19:23). The more a person is favored, the more goods one has, the more one is tempted to tie one’s heart with them to keep them for oneself and employ them selfishly.

From those who want to follow him—those who want to be holy—Jesus asks for total detachment. “None of you may become my disciple if you don’t give up everything you have” (Lk 14:33).

It is in the context of this essential requirement to share all that is available to us from God that the beatitude should be read.

Jesus does not exalt poverty as such. By adding the specification in spirit, he makes it clear that not all the poor are blessed. Only the ones who by free choice strip themselves of all and manage the assets according to God’s plan are blessed.

The poor in spirit are those who decide not to possess anything for themselves and make available to others all that they receive. Mind you: the poor according to the gospel is not the one who has nothing but s/he who does not keep anything for herself/himself.

Someone who is miserable need not be “poor in spirit.” S/he is not if s/he curses herself/himself and others, if s/he attempts to improve her/his own condition with violence and deceit, if s/he thinks of oneself by losing interest in others, or if s/he cultivates the dream of winning the prestigious position of the rich one day.

Voluntary poverty is for all; the renunciation of the selfish use of all property that one owns is not something optional, not a counsel reserved for some who want to be heroes or more perfect than others. This is what distinguishes a saint, every Christian.

The promise that accompanies the beatitude does not refer to a distant future. It does not guarantee entry into heaven after death but announces an immediate joy: “for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” From the moment one makes the choice to become and to remain poor, one enters the “kingdom of heaven,” and belongs to the family of saints.

This beatitude is not a message of resignation but of hope: no one will be in need when all become “poor in spirit,” when they put the gifts they have received from God in the service of others, as does God, “the Holy One” who, while possessing everything, is infinitely poor: he holds nothing back, gives everything, even his Son.


Indebted to Fr. Armellini SCJ for textual analysis

©Claretian Missionaries

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

2023(甲)常年期第三主日:向外邦人的光明(繁体中文版)

向外邦人的光明
福音:瑪 4:12-23

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

今天福音的第一部分講述了洗者若翰結束使命的一幕。耶穌從納匝肋搬到葛法翁去了。葛法翁是個漁夫和農夫的村莊,沿著革乃撒肋(加里肋亞)湖的西岸延伸了大約三百米。在加里肋亞,住著有被以色列人看作是一半外邦人的人,因為他們的出生,是許多民族混種而來。他們被看作生活在黑暗和無知中的百姓。

在那近三年,葛法翁幾乎成了祂活動的中心。住所的改變 —— 一個極其微不足道的事實 —— 瑪竇在他的神學觀中,把這解讀成:“生活在黑暗中的百姓,看到了一束浩光:一束光明,已經照射在生活在死亡下的人身上。”(參看:瑪4:16)耶穌所選擇,首先領受祂的光的,不是純種的猶太人,而是那些被排除的,被疏遠的人。

在福音段落的第二大段講述了四位門徒的蒙召,與其說這是一段敘述,還不如把它看作是段教理講授。聖史希望門徒能明白,對耶穌邀請我們跟隨祂說“是”的意義。這就 是一個預表,是人皈依天主的實例。

《瑪竇》表明:耶穌是不間斷遊動的。蒙召的人必須意識到:賞賜給他的,決不是任何休息,他的旅途,一刻都不會停止。耶穌所想的是:人要一生,日夜跟隨祂,沒有一刻,不度奉獻生活。

人對耶穌的回應,必須如同伯多祿、安德肋,雅各伯和若望一樣迅速而又慷慨,他們“立刻捨下他們的網,他們的船,他們的父親,跟隨了祂。” (參看:瑪4:20)人撇下自己的父親,不應當被人誤讀。這絕不意味著:任何成了基督徒的(或告選擇度虔敬和奉獻生活的)必須忽視自己的父母。在猶太百姓中間,父親是與祖先聯繫的象徵,是對傳統的依附。正是這種對過去的依賴,成了人接納新奇福音時,必須打破的障礙。每個人的歷史,傳統,文化,必須受到尊重,受人重視。然而, 我們知道:並非所有人的習慣,習俗,傳承下來的生活方式,與基督的訊息完全相符。

耶穌的要求,戲劇性地與初期基督徒蒙召作出的選擇相聯:他們選擇成為門徒,就會被家人棄絕,被父母誤解,被逐出會堂,被自己的民族所排擠。為所有人來說:撇下父親,意味著要放棄一切與福音不相容的事物。

耶穌在祂對眾人邀請跟隨祂的話中加上一句:“我要使你們成為漁人的漁夫。”(參看:瑪4:19)這個景象,取材于首批宗徒完成工作時的景象。按照聖經象徵學來說:大海是魔鬼,災殃,以及一切與生命相對事物的住所。大海深奧,黑暗,危險,神秘,讓人感到可怕。水怪在大海中生活,甚至訓練有素的水手,在大海中也不能感到安全。

漁人的漁夫,意思是:他們要擺脫原先所處的死亡的狀態。意味著:耶穌要把他們從好似洶湧大水一樣,支配,淹沒,把他們衝垮的邪惡勢力中拖出來。

基督的門徒,不懼怕波濤,他們勇敢面對,甚至海浪肆虐,更是如此。總不放棄,拯救一個姐妹,或是一個兄弟,當他/她身處在被人棄絕的境地,更是如此:一個毒品和酒精的奴隸,私欲偏情,肆無忌憚,暴躁、好鬥和頑固的性格。不論他處於怎樣的狀況,必為基督的門徒所救。

感謝 Armellini 神父提供文段用作分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

2023(甲)常年期第三主日:向外邦人的光明

向外邦人的光明
福音:玛 4:12-23

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

今天福音的第一部分讲述了洗者若翰结束使命的一幕。耶稣从纳匝肋搬到葛法翁去了。葛法翁是个渔夫和农夫的村庄,沿着革乃撒肋(加里肋亚)湖的西岸延伸了大约三百米。在加里肋亚,住着有被以色列人看作是一半外邦人的人,因为他们的出生,是许多民族混种而来。他们被看作生活在黑暗和无知中的百姓。

在那近三年,葛法翁几乎成了祂活动的中心。住所的改变 —— 一个极其微不足道的事实 —— 玛窦在他的神学观中,把这解读成:“生活在黑暗中的百姓,看到了一束浩光:一束光明,已经照射在生活在死亡下的人身上。”(参看:玛4:16)耶稣所选择,首先领受祂的光的,不是纯种的犹太人,而是那些被排除的,被疏远的人。

在福音段落的第二大段讲述了四位门徒的蒙召,与其说这是一段叙述,还不如把它看作是段教理讲授。圣史希望门徒能明白,对耶稣邀请我们跟随祂说“是”的意义。这就 是一个预表,是人皈依天主的实例。

《玛窦》表明:耶稣是不间断游动的。蒙召的人必须意识到:赏赐给他的,决不是任何休息,他的旅途,一刻都不会停止。耶稣所想的是:人要一生,日夜跟随祂,没有一刻,不度奉献生活。

人对耶稣的回应,必须如同伯多禄、安德肋,雅各伯和若望一样迅速而又慷慨,他们“立刻舍下他们的网,他们的船,他们的父亲,跟随了祂。” (参看:玛4:20)人撇下自己的父亲,不应当被人误读。这绝不意味着:任何成了基督徒的(或告选择度虔敬和奉献生活的)必须忽视自己的父母。在犹太百姓中间,父亲是与祖先联系的象征,是对传统的依附。正是这种对过去的依赖,成了人接纳新奇福音时,必须打破的障碍。每个人的历史,传统,文化,必须受到尊重,受人重视。然而, 我们知道:并非所有人的习惯,习俗,传承下来的生活方式,与基督的讯息完全相符。

耶稣的要求,戏剧性地与初期基督徒蒙召作出的选择相联:他们选择成为门徒,就会被家人弃绝,被父母误解,被逐出会堂,被自己的民族所排挤。为所有人来说:撇下父亲,意味着要放弃一切与福音不相容的事物。

耶稣在祂对众人邀请跟随祂的话中加上一句:“我要使你们成为渔人的渔夫。”(参看:玛4:19)这个景象,取材于首批宗徒完成工作时的景象。按照圣经象征学来说:大海是魔鬼,灾殃,以及一切与生命相对事物的住所。大海深奥,黑暗,危险,神秘,让人感到可怕。水怪在大海中生活,甚至训练有素的水手,在大海中也不能感到安全。

渔人的渔夫,意思是:他们要摆脱原先所处的死亡的状态。意味着:耶稣要把他们从好似汹涌大水一样,支配,淹没,把他们冲垮的邪恶势力中拖出来。

基督的门徒,不惧怕波涛,他们勇敢面对,甚至海浪肆虐,更是如此。总不放弃,拯救一个姐妹,或是一个兄弟,当他/她身处在被人弃绝的境地,更是如此:一个毒品和酒精的奴隶,私欲偏情,肆无忌惮,暴躁、好斗和顽固的性格。不论他处于怎样的状况,必为基督的门徒所救。

感谢 Armellini 神父提供文段用作分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

Homily for 3rd Sunday in Ordinary Time in Year A

A Light to the Gentiles
Gospel: Matthew 4:12-23


Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries


The first part of today’s gospel narrates a scene after the conclusion of John the Baptist’s mission. Jesus moved from Nazareth to Capernaum. Capernaum was a village of fishermen and farmers that stretched for about three hundred meters along the western shore of Lake Gennesaret (Galilee). Galilee was inhabited by Israelites regarded by all as semi-pagans because they were born from the intermingling of different peoples. They were considered as people living in darkness and ignorance.

It became the center of his activities for nearly three years. The change of residence—a very trivial fact—has been read by Matthew in its theological significance as the fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy: “The people who lived in darkness have seen a great light: on those who live in the land of the shadow of death a light has shone” (v. 16). With this choice, Jesus indicates who are the first recipients of his light, not the pure Jews but the excluded, the distant.

In the second part of the passage, the calling of the first four disciples is narrated. It is more a piece of catechesis than a call narrative. The evangelist wants the disciple to understand what it means to say “yes” to Christ’s invitation to follow. It is an example, an illustration of what it means to be converted.

Matthew shows Jesus in constant movement. The one who is called must realize that he will not be granted any rest and there will not be any stop along the way. Jesus wants to be followed day and night and throughout life. There are no moments of exemption from commitments taken.

The answer, then, must be prompt and generous as that of Peter, Andrew, James and John who “immediately left their nets, their boat and their father, and followed him” (vv. 20, 22). The abandonment of one’s own father should not be misunderstood. It does not mean that anyone who becomes a Christian (or chooses the religious and consecrated life) must ignore one’s own parents. Among the Jewish people, the father was the symbol of the link with the ancestors and of attachment to tradition. And it is this dependence on the past that must be broken when it constitutes an impediment to welcome the novelty of the gospel. The history, the traditions, the culture of every people must be respected and valued. However, we know that not all the habits, customs, ways of life handed down are compatible with the message of Christ.

The demand of Jesus relates to the dramatic choice that the early Christians were called to do: choosing to become disciples they were rejected by the family, misunderstood by parents, expelled from the synagogues, and excluded from their people. For all, leaving the father implies the abandonment of everything that is incompatible with the gospel.

To the invitation to follow him, Jesus adds the charge: “I will make you fish for people” (v. 19). The image is taken from the work done by the first apostles. In biblical symbolism, the sea was the abode of the devil, of diseases and everything that opposed life. It was deep, dark, dangerous, mysterious, and terrible. In the sea, the monsters lived, and in it, even the most skilled sailors did not feel safe.

Fishing people means to get them out of the condition of death where they are. It means to pull them out from the forces of evil that, like the raging waters, dominate, engulf and overwhelm them.

The disciple of Christ does not fear the waves and courageously faces them, even when they are raging. He does not give up hope to save a sister or a brother, even when s/he is in a humanly desperate situation: a slave of drugs and alcohol, unbridled passion, irascible, aggressive and intractable character. In whatever situation he is he will be saved by the disciple of Christ.

Indebted to Fr. Armellini for textual analysis

©Claretian Missionaries

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

2023(甲)常年期第二主日:召叫眾人的天主

召叫眾人的天主

福音:若1:29-34

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

在今天的福音中,若翰一看到耶穌朝他走來,就喊說:“請看天主的羔羊,請看除免世罪者。”(參看:若1:29)為何他要用如此簡單形象描述祂呢?在舊約中,沒有一人被稱作“天主的羔羊”。他講這話,表示他艱辛漫長的靈修之旅,已達至巔峰。事實上,當他開始這旅途時,完全是無知的。因他曾兩度呼喊說:“我不認識祂。”(參看:若1:31,33)

若翰可能是在穀木蘭(Qumran)苦修的艾賽尼派(Essene)苦修中間接受教育,若翰吸納了自己百姓的思想,他瞭解歷史,熟悉聖經。他影射了巴斯卦羔羊,這羔羊的血,曾塗在埃及各家的門柱上,拯救自己的祖先擺脫天使根除性的大屠殺,也預示了基耶穌的命運。總有一天,祂要如同羔羊一樣,被祭獻,若翰聖史一定是想用象徵性的手法,勾畫出這樣的景象:事實上,那原是司祭在聖殿中祭殺羔羊的時刻。

依撒意亞先知書中第二次提到天主的羔羊,對此,以色列人都十分明白,在今天的第一篇讀經中也提到天主的僕人。先知曾這樣描述祂怎樣走向死亡的:“祂好似一隻被牽去待宰的羔羊 …… 祂承擔許多人的罪過,為違法者轉求。”(參看:依53:7,12)若翰把這個貼在耶穌身上。

聖經第三次啟發施洗者的明悟:羔羊也與亞巴郎的祭獻休戚相關。依撒格和他的父親一起往摩黎雅山(Mount Moriah)去的路上,依撒格問說:“火和木柴這裡都有,但是,獻祭用的羔羊在哪兒呢?”亞巴郎回答說:“天主自會提供那羔羊。”(參看:創22:7-8)

現在,施洗者回答說:“請看,天主的羔羊!”這羔羊就是耶穌,天主把祂賞給世界,替應當懲罰的罪人獻祭。祂好似依撒格,是獨生子,是帶著木柴來到獻祭之地的愛子。耶穌好似依撒格,甘願為愛交出性命。

有人對此持懷疑態度,若翰兩次轉向耶穌,宣告說:“請看,天主的羔羊。”(參看:若1:29,36)在若翰的心中,是否真的有這些聖經文段。也許沒有,但是,可以肯定,在聖史若望的心中,有這些想法。他想要給自己團體的基督徒,並給我們提供一條教理。

在福音的第二段(若1:32-34)洗者若翰的證言得到顯現。他一看到聖神降下並停留在那人身上,就認出了“天主子”。關於受洗的景象,在對觀福音中,也有敘述(參看:穀1:9-11)然而,若望講述了一個驚人的細節:聖神不單降在耶穌身上,而且也在祂記憶體留。

聖神藉著耶穌進入世界。任何相反的力量,都不能使驅使或戰勝祂,聖神要從祂身上出來,傾流在每人身上。這就是若翰所宣告的“以聖神”施洗(參看:若1:33)

若望在他的福音首章,他想要藉洗者若翰,向門徒宣告希望和喜樂的訊息。雖然在這個世界上,邪惡的勢力顯而易見,人類所期待的,是“與聖父和聖子”的生命相通。若望說:我寫這些事,好使我們的喜樂能圓滿無缺。(若一1:3-4)

感謝 Armellini 神父提供文段用作分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023

2023(甲)常年期第二主日:召叫众人的天主

召叫众人的天主

福音:若1:29-34

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

在今天的福音中,若翰一看到耶稣朝他走来,就喊说:“请看天主的羔羊,请看除免世罪者。”(参看:若1:29)为何他要用如此简单形象描述祂呢?在旧约中,没有一人被称作“天主的羔羊”。他讲这话,表示他艰辛漫长的灵修之旅,已达至巅峰。事实上,当他开始这旅途时,完全是无知的。因他曾两度呼喊说:“我不认识祂。”(参看:若1:31,33)

若翰可能是在谷木兰(Qumran)苦修的艾赛尼派(Essene)苦修中间接受教育,若翰吸纳了自己百姓的思想,他了解历史,熟悉圣经。他影射了巴斯卦羔羊,这羔羊的血,曾涂在埃及各家的门柱上,拯救自己的祖先摆脱天使根除性的大屠杀,也预示了基耶稣的命运。总有一天,祂要如同羔羊一样,被祭献,若翰圣史一定是想用象征性的手法,勾画出这样的景象:事实上,那原是司祭在圣殿中祭杀羔羊的时刻。

依撒意亚先知书中第二次提到天主的羔羊,对此,以色列人都十分明白,在今天的第一篇读经中也提到天主的仆人。先知曾这样描述祂怎样走向死亡的:“祂好似一只被牵去待宰的羔羊 …… 祂承担许多人的罪过,为违法者转求。”(参看:依53:7,12)若翰把这个贴在耶稣身上。

圣经第三次启发施洗者的明悟:羔羊也与亚巴郎的祭献休戚相关。依撒格和他的父亲一起往摩黎雅山(Mount Moriah)去的路上,依撒格问说:“火和木柴这里都有,但是,献祭用的羔羊在哪儿呢?”亚巴郎回答说:“天主自会提供那羔羊。”(参看:创22:7-8)

现在,施洗者回答说:“请看,天主的羔羊!”这羔羊就是耶稣,天主把祂赏给世界,替应当惩罚的罪人献祭。祂好似依撒格,是独生子,是带着木柴来到献祭之地的爱子。耶稣好似依撒格,甘愿为爱交出性命。

有人对此持怀疑态度,若翰两次转向耶稣,宣告说:“请看,天主的羔羊。”(参看:若1:29,36)在若翰的心中,是否真的有这些圣经文段。也许没有,但是,可以肯定,在圣史若望的心中,有这些想法。他想要给自己团体的基督徒,并给我们提供一条教理。

在福音的第二段(若1:32-34)洗者若翰的证言得到显现。他一看到圣神降下并停留在那人身上,就认出了“天主子”。关于受洗的景象,在对观福音中,也有叙述(参看:谷1:9-11)然而,若望讲述了一个惊人的细节:圣神不单降在耶稣身上,而且也在祂内存留。

圣神藉着耶稣进入世界。任何相反的力量,都不能使驱使或战胜祂,圣神要从祂身上出来,倾流在每人身上。这就是若翰所宣告的“以圣神”施洗(参看:若1:33)

若望在他的福音首章,他想要藉洗者若翰,向门徒宣告希望和喜乐的讯息。虽然在这个世界上,邪恶的势力显而易见,人类所期待的,是“与圣父和圣子”的生命相通。若望说:我写这些事,好使我们的喜乐能圆满无缺。(若一1:3-4)

感谢 Armellini 神父提供文段用作分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)

Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2023