Homily for 4th Sunday of Advent in Year A

Jesus, the God with us
Gospel: Matthew 1:18-24d


Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries


“Here’s how the birth of Jesus happened,” thus today’s gospel’s passage begins.Matthew emphasizes the intervention of the Spirit from the beginning of his story to avoid a misunderstanding that Jesus may have been generated by the intervention of a man.

The spirit, in this story, does not represent the male element. Ruah (spirit in Hebrew is female) indicates strength, a divine breath of the Creator. He is referring to the spirit of God that hovered over the waters at the beginning of the world (Gen 1:2).

The virginal conception that is even explicitly mentioned by Luke (Lk 1:26-39) is not intended to emphasize the moral superiority of Mary nor, still less, does it constitute a depreciation of sexuality. It is introduced to reveal a fundamental truth for the believer: Jesus is not only a man; he is from above and is the same Lord who has taken on human form.

There are many legitimate questions arising in us about this birth narrative. But Matthew is not interested in satisfying our curiosity. All he wants us to understand is this: the son of Mary is the promised heir to the throne of David announced by the prophets.

The conclusion of the story is solemn. The whole passage seems to have been written to prove the fulfillment of what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet: “Behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son who will be called Emmanuel, which means God with us” (vv. 22-23).

The literal meaning of the orginal prophecy is the announcement of the birth of Ahaz’s son, Hezekiah. He was truly an Emmanuel, i.e., a sign that God protected his people and the dynasty of David, but did not answer all the expectations that had been placed in him. He did not even realize the promises of happiness, prosperity and peace described by Isaiah. He was not a wonderful counselor, an invincible warrior, an everlasting father, a prince of peace… (Is 9:5-6).

Here is what Matthew means: Jesus is the one who has fulfilled these prophecies. He is the son of the virgin announced by the prophet. He is really the Emmanuel, God with us. He will be given an everlasting kingdom, and he will fulfill all the hopes of Israel.

Just as in the beginning of the Gospel of Matthew, the theme of Emmanuel also returns at the end of the book with the parting promise of the Lord, “Behold, I am with you (Here, I am the Emmanuel) always even to the end of this world” (Mt 28:20). The reference to “God with us” opens and closes all the work of Matthew because, the evangelist tells us, in Jesus, God has placed himself, and remains always at the side of humankind.

The story also highlights the virginity of Mary. The term virgin in the Bible also assumes a more metaphorical meaning: the person who loves with an undivided heart. Virginity is the symbol of total love for the Lord. It is in this sense that Paul uses the term when he writes to the Corinthians: “I share the jealousy of God for you, for I have promised you in marriage to Christ, as the only spouse, to present you to him as a pure virgin” (2 Cor 11:2).

Mary has certainly realized to perfection even this ideal of virginity. For every Christian, she is the supreme model of total and undivided love to God.

Today’s reflection will be complete only if we go through the mind of Joseph who is the protagonist in today’s reading. A man, a righteous man, betrothed to a woman (perhaps just a girl) is eagerly awaiting his wedding. Then he learns from the woman that she is pregnant. He is surely not the father. Her explanation that it is through the Holy Spirit, perhaps she did not even know how to explain that, and might have narrated the angel’s story which Joseph might have found difficult to believe, like any man of our times. Joseph might have spent sleepless nights to get his dilemma solved, whether to marry or not this woman who carries another person’s child. He finally decides to divorce her privately to save from disgrace this woman he had begun to love passionately. It is after he decides to divorce that he gets the dream to accept Mary as his wife.

Dream is just a way of narrating how Joseph got an advice from God without any mediation from priests or prophets. Here the dream is not a reference to an unconscious activity in the mind that takes place while a person is asleep, but rather an answer to a question that disturbed Joseph’s waking and sleeping hours. In the dream he recognizes that God’s will was to accept Mary and the child. When the will of God was against his decision, he still followed it.

The act of Joseph has a lot to teach us about our processes of discernment. Often, we would like to assume that our decisions are the will of God, or we find justifications to act against the will of God. What is my process of discerning God’s will in the things that I do?

Indebted to Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ for the textual analysis

© Claretian Missionaries
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2023(甲)将临期第四主日:耶穌,天主與我們同在

耶穌,天主與我們同在
福音:瑪 1:18-24d

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

“耶穌的誕生是這樣的。”這是今天福音的開篇。瑪竇從祂故事的開始,就突出聖神的介入,以避免人誤認耶穌的誕生,是由於人的介入。

在這則故事中,聖神所代表的,不是屬人的元素。Ruah(希伯來語中“聖神”的陰格)指的是力量,造物主的一口氣息。他指出,天主的神,在世界開始的時候,已翱翔在水面上。(參看:創1:2)

甚至在路加福音中,也提到貞女的概念(路1:26-39)不是為了強調瑪利亞的卓越品行,更何況,路加也不是為了貶低瑪利亞的人性。路加給信友們引入了一項基本真理:耶穌不僅僅是人;祂自上而來,同是天主,攝取了人性。

關於(耶穌)誕生的敘述,在我們中間提出許多問題,完全合理。瑪竇對滿足我們的好奇心,不感興趣。他總希望我們明白:瑪利亞的兒子,是先知所宣佈,(天主)預許要繼承達味寶座的那位。

故事的結尾很嚴肅。整段經文似乎是為了證明上主藉著先知所預言的經文已經應驗:“看,一位貞女將要懷孕,並要生子,祂要被稱作厄瑪努爾,意思是:天主與我們同在。”(同上,22-23節)

原始預言的字面含義是:宣告希則克雅,阿哈次的兒子的誕生。他原是真厄瑪努爾,也就是天主保護自己百姓和達味王朝的預表,但是,這並沒有回答眾人在他身上寄託的全部希望。他甚至沒有實現依撒意亞描述的(天主)預許的幸福,繁榮,和平。他原不是神妙的謀士,無敵的戰士,永恆的慈父,和平之王(參看:依9:5-6)

瑪竇的意思是:耶穌是先知全部預言的實現。祂是先知預言的貞女之子。祂是真厄瑪努爾,是“天主與我們同在。”祂要被授予永遠的王權,祂要實現以色列人的全部希望。

正如在瑪竇福音開端,厄瑪努爾的主題,也呼應福音結尾,救主臨別的預許:“看,我要與你們同在(看,我是厄瑪努爾)”(瑪28:20)在瑪竇著作的開端和結尾提到“天主與我們同在”,是因為聖史告訴我們:天主把自己貼在耶穌身上,時常在人的身邊。

福音的故事也突出了瑪利亞的童貞性。在聖經中,貞女一詞具有隱性的含義:全心全意熱愛天主的人。童貞女是全然熱愛上主的預表。保祿在寫給格林多人的書信中,用了這個詞:“我與你們分享天主的嫉妒,因為我在基督的婚姻中,已把你們許給基督,把你們當作唯一的淨配,當作純潔的貞女獻給祂。”(格後11:2)

瑪利亞一定意識到:完全實現貞德的願景。為每位基督徒而言,她是對天主完全且不可分割之愛的典範。

只有我們理解今天福音的主人公,也就是若瑟的思想,我們才能完成今天的反思。若瑟是義人,他與一個女人(也許是一個小女孩)訂婚,正熱切期待成婚。接著,他從那女人得知:她懷孕了。他肯定不是那孩子的父親。她解釋說:這是藉由聖神懷孕,也許,連她自己都不知道如何解釋,她可能講述了若瑟認為難以理解的,天使的故事,若瑟可能同我們時代的任何人一樣,難以相信。若瑟可能經歷了一個不眠之夜,想要解決這個困境:是否要與這個懷上其他男人孩子的女人結婚。他最終決定:私下與她離婚,好能挽救他在起初熾愛的女人的名譽。在他做出離婚這個決定之後,他得到一個夢,接納瑪利亞作自己的妻子。

夢境,只是一種敘述若瑟在沒有司祭或先知的調解下,從天主那裡得到預言的一種方式。這個夢境,並非指向人在睡夢中開始的無意識活動,而是若瑟在清醒和睡眠之時,困擾若瑟的疑難的回答。在夢境中,若瑟意識到天主的旨意 :要接納瑪利亞和那個孩子 。當天主的旨意與自己的決定相違背時,他仍然遵循天主的旨意。

若瑟的行為,對我們個人分辨的過程,有許多啟發。通常,我們會認為:我們的決定,是天主的旨意,我們也會找到反抗天主旨意的正當理由。在我做的事上,我是怎樣分辨天主的旨意的呢?

感謝Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ 對部分文段所做的分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2023(甲)将临期第四主日:耶稣,天主与我们同在

耶稣,天主与我们同在
福音:玛 1:18-24d

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

“耶稣的诞生是这样的。”这是今天福音的开篇。玛窦从祂故事的开始,就突出圣神的介入,以避免人误认耶稣的诞生,是由于人的介入。

在这则故事中,圣神所代表的,不是属人的元素。Ruah(希伯来语中“圣神”的阴格)指的是力量,造物主的一口气息。他指出,天主的神,在世界开始的时候,已翱翔在水面上。(参看:创1:2)

甚至在路加福音中,也提到贞女的概念(路1:26-39)不是为了强调玛利亚的卓越品行,更何况,路加也不是为了贬低玛利亚的人性。路加给信友们引入了一项基本真理:耶稣不仅仅是人;祂自上而来,同是天主,摄取了人性。

关于(耶稣)诞生的叙述,在我们中间提出许多问题,完全合理。玛窦对满足我们的好奇心,不感兴趣。他总希望我们明白:玛利亚的儿子,是先知所宣布,(天主)预许要继承达味宝座的那位。

故事的结尾很严肃。整段经文似乎是为了证明上主藉着先知所预言的经文已经应验:“看,一位贞女将要怀孕,并要生子,祂要被称作厄玛努尔,意思是:天主与我们同在。”(同上,22-23节)

原始预言的字面含义是:宣告希则克雅,阿哈次的儿子的诞生。他原是真厄玛努尔,也就是天主保护自己百姓和达味王朝的预表,但是,这并没有回答众人在他身上寄托的全部希望。他甚至没有实现依撒意亚描述的(天主)预许的幸福,繁荣,和平。他原不是神妙的谋士,无敌的战士,永恒的慈父,和平之王(参看:依9:5-6)

玛窦的意思是:耶稣是先知全部预言的实现。祂是先知预言的贞女之子。祂是真厄玛努尔,是“天主与我们同在。”祂要被授予永远的王权,祂要实现以色列人的全部希望。

正如在玛窦福音开端,厄玛努尔的主题,也呼应福音结尾,救主临别的预许:“看,我要与你们同在(看,我是厄玛努尔)”(玛28:20)在玛窦著作的开端和结尾提到“天主与我们同在”,是因为圣史告诉我们:天主把自己贴在耶稣身上,时常在人的身边。

福音的故事也突出了玛利亚的童贞性。在圣经中,贞女一词具有隐性的含义:全心全意热爱天主的人。童贞女是全然热爱上主的预表。保禄在写给格林多人的书信中,用了这个词:“我与你们分享天主的嫉妒,因为我在基督的婚姻中,已把你们许给基督,把你们当作唯一的净配,当作纯洁的贞女献给祂。”(格后11:2)

玛利亚一定意识到:完全实现贞德的愿景。为每位基督徒而言,她是对天主完全且不可分割之爱的典范。

只有我们理解今天福音的主人公,也就是若瑟的思想,我们才能完成今天的反思。若瑟是义人,他与一个女人(也许是一个小女孩)订婚,正热切期待成婚。接着,他从那女人得知:她怀孕了。他肯定不是那孩子的父亲。她解释说:这是藉由圣神怀孕,也许,连她自己都不知道如何解释,她可能讲述了若瑟认为难以理解的,天使的故事,若瑟可能同我们时代的任何人一样,难以相信。若瑟可能经历了一个不眠之夜,想要解决这个困境:是否要与这个怀上其他男人孩子的女人结婚。他最终决定:私下与她离婚,好能挽救他在起初炽爱的女人的名誉。在他做出离婚这个决定之后,他得到一个梦,接纳玛利亚作自己的妻子。

梦境,只是一种叙述若瑟在没有司祭或先知的调解下,从天主那里得到预言的一种方式。这个梦境,并非指向人在睡梦中开始的无意识活动,而是若瑟在清醒和睡眠之时,困扰若瑟的疑难的回答。在梦境中,若瑟意识到天主的旨意 :要接纳玛利亚和那个孩子 。当天主的旨意与自己的决定相违背时,他仍然遵循天主的旨意。

若瑟的行为,对我们个人分辨的过程,有许多启发。通常,我们会认为:我们的决定,是天主的旨意,我们也会找到反抗天主旨意的正当理由。在我做的事上,我是怎样分辨天主的旨意的呢?

感谢Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ 对部分文段所做的分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2023(甲)將臨期第三主日: 施洗者

施洗者
邀請人皈依
福音:瑪11:2-11

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

以色列人受先知教導,若干世紀以來,一直期待默西亞的到來。祂來到的時候,心靈上預備的越充分,性格越善良的人,越難認出並歡迎祂。連施洗者也猶豫不決。

今天福音的第一部分:我們看到,若翰被監禁了。施洗者的信徒,沒有從耶穌那裡得到關於令人興奮的(耶穌)介入干預的喜訊,他們開始動搖了。這些人的困惑,從何而來?答案十分簡單。他(若翰)一直期待在世上肩負匡複正義和真理的“拯救者”(參看:依61:1)他可能沒明白:耶穌為什麼沒有干預,把他從監獄裡放出來。他所期待的,一個嚴苛的審判者,一個責斥惡人的默西亞。事實卻令人吃驚 ,並不是 —— 這令他感到失望。

耶穌向洗者若翰的使者表明自己是默西亞,從依撒意亞先知書中擷取記號的文本(參看:依35:5-6,26:19,61:1)依撒意亞是給人帶來希望的先知,他曾預言:“在那一天,沒有一人會說:我生病了。”(參看:依33:24)

祂透過這些使者拋出這些疑問,邀請施洗者留意這些新的事實。新的世界已經來到:那些曾在黑暗中度生,迷失生活方向的人,如今正受福音的啟迪。先前跛足,不能往前走一步,走向上主,走向他們兄弟姐妹的,如今能疾步行走。先前對天主聖言充耳不聞的,如今聽從天主聖言,使自己速速受天主聖言引導。凡認為自己是苦惱無望的,開始聆聽這福音:“這也是你們的救援。”這裡沒有烈火 ,沒有嚇人的復仇。

天主的默西亞,並非若翰所期待的,擁有精力充沛,待人嚴苛的性格。祂的行事方式,令祂的前驅感到震驚,直到現在,令我們震驚不已。仍然有一些人,要求上主介入,懲罰惡人。仍有一些人,把某人的不幸,解釋作天主對作惡之人的懲罰。但是,天主看到祂的兒女(他們縱然不好),能對他們動怒,眼見他們受苦,能感到喜樂嗎?

耶穌以真福八端,取自瑪竇福音:“無意冒犯我的人是有福的。”結束祂的回答。這為施洗者的信徒而言,是一個甜蜜邀請,他們受邀,回顧祂的神學觀。

耶穌駁斥了若翰擁有的信條。施洗者和我們一樣,也想像一個大能的天主。他發現自己很軟弱,期待(默西亞)作出令人轟動的干預行為。然而,事件仍在繼續,好似默西亞仍未到來一樣。

施洗者是真信徒的預表。他的困惑良多,不知所措,提出許多問題,但是,他沒有否認默西椏,因為(默西亞)不符合他(料想)的標準。他對自己的信仰產生質疑。

耶穌毫不擔心誰會難以相信祂,誰會在奧秘和生活的困惑面前,失去信心,誰說自己不理解天主的思想,天主的行動。祂所擔心的是那些把自己的想法與天主的真理混淆起來,那些對全部疑問有現成答案的人,那些有刻板的教條行為的人,那些總不讓自己被質疑的人:有時候,這些信徒近似狂熱分子。

感謝Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ 對部分文段所做的分

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2023(甲)将临期第三主日:施洗者

施洗者
邀请人皈依
福音:玛11:2-11

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

以色列人受先知教导,若干世纪以来,一直期待默西亚的到来。祂来到的时候,心灵上预备的越充分,性格越善良的人,越难认出并欢迎祂。连施洗者也犹豫不决。

今天福音的第一部分:我们看到,若翰被监禁了。施洗者的信徒,没有从耶稣那里得到关于令人兴奋的(耶稣)介入干预的喜讯,他们开始动摇了。这些人的困惑,从何而来?答案十分简单。他(若翰)一直期待在世上肩负匡复正义和真理的“拯救者”(参看:依61:1)他可能没明白:耶稣为什么没有干预,把他从监狱里放出来。他所期待的,一个严苛的审判者,一个责斥恶人的默西亚。事实却令人吃惊 ,并不是 —— 这令他感到失望。

耶稣向洗者若翰的使者表明自己是默西亚,从依撒意亚先知书中撷取记号的文本(参看:依35:5-6,26:19,61:1)依撒意亚是给人带来希望的先知,他曾预言:“在那一天,没有一人会说:我生病了。”(参看:依33:24)

祂透过这些使者抛出这些疑问,邀请施洗者留意这些新的事实。新的世界已经来到:那些曾在黑暗中度生,迷失生活方向的人,如今正受福音的启迪。先前跛足,不能往前走一步,走向上主,走向他们兄弟姐妹的,如今能疾步行走。先前对天主圣言充耳不闻的,如今听从天主圣言,使自己速速受天主圣言引导。凡认为自己是苦恼无望的,开始聆听这福音:“这也是你们的救援。”这里没有烈火 ,没有吓人的复仇。

天主的默西亚,并非若翰所期待的,拥有精力充沛,待人严苛的性格。祂的行事方式,令祂的前驱感到震惊,直到现在,令我们震惊不已。仍然有一些人,要求上主介入,惩罚恶人。仍有一些人,把某人的不幸,解释作天主对作恶之人的惩罚。但是,天主看到祂的儿女(他们纵然不好),能对他们动怒,眼见他们受苦,能感到喜乐吗?

耶稣以真福八端,取自玛窦福音:“无意冒犯我的人是有福的。”结束祂的回答。这为施洗者的信徒而言,是一个甜蜜邀请,他们受邀,回顾祂的神学观。

耶稣驳斥了若翰拥有的信条。施洗者和我们一样,也想象一个大能的天主。他发现自己很软弱,期待(默西亚)作出令人轰动的干预行为。然而,事件仍在继续,好似默西亚仍未到来一样。

施洗者是真信徒的预表。他的困惑良多,不知所措,提出许多问题,但是,他没有否认默西桠,因为(默西亚)不符合他(料想)的标准。他对自己的信仰产生质疑。

耶稣毫不担心谁会难以相信祂,谁会在奥秘和生活的困惑面前,失去信心,谁说自己不理解天主的思想,天主的行动。祂所担心的是那些把自己的想法与天主的真理混淆起来,那些对全部疑问有现成答案的人,那些有刻板的教条行为的人,那些总不让自己被质疑的人:有时候,这些信徒近似狂热分子。

感谢Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ 对部分文段所做的分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

Homily for Third Sunday of Advent in Year A

The Baptist
Invited to be converted
Gospel: Matthew 11:2-11


Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries


Educated by the prophets, Israel has been waiting for the Messiah for centuries. When he came, even the more spiritually prepared and well-disposed persons struggled to recognize and welcome him. Even, the Baptist remained undecided.

In the first part of today’s gospel passage we see that John is imprisoned. Not getting news about exciting interventions from Jesus, the Baptist’s faith begins to waver. How did these perplexities come to him? The answer is quite simple. He has been expecting the “liberator” (Is 61:1), the person in charge of restoring justice and truth in the world. He might not have understood why Jesus did not decide to intervene to release him from prison.

He awaited for a strict judge, a messiah who rails against the wicked. But the fact surprised, no—even disappointed him.

To the messengers of John the Baptist, Jesus presents himself as the Messiah, listing the signs taken from texts of Isaiah (Is 35:5-6; 26:19; 61:1), the prophet of hope, who had predicted, “On that day no one would complain: I am sickly” (Is 33:24).

To the queries, he sent through the messenger, the Baptist is invited to take note of the new realities. The new world has come up: those who have been walking in the dark and have lost the orientation of life now is enlightened by the Gospel. Whoever was crippled and could not move a step towards the Lord and towards their brothers and sisters now can walk quickly. Whoever was deaf to the word of God now listens and lets themselves be guided by it. Whoever regarded themselves miserable and hopeless has begun to listen to the good news: “There is salvation for you as well.” There is no fire here, no scary vengeance.

The Messiah of God has nothing to do with the energetic and severe character that John had expected. His way of doing had scandalized the precursor and continues to shock us even today. There are still some who ask the Lord to intervene to punish the wicked. There are still some who interpret misfortunes as God’s punishment to those who have done evil. But can God be angry or feel pleasure in seeing his children (even if they are bad) suffer?

Jesus ends his answer with a beatitude, the 10th, found in the Gospel of Matthew: “Blessed is he who takes no offense at me.” A sweet invitation to the Baptist to review his theological convictions.

Jesus contradicts all the beliefs that John had. Like us, the Baptist also imagined a mighty God. Finding himself weak, he expected sensational interventions. However, the events continued to unfold as if the Messiah had not come.

The Baptist is the figure of a true believer. He flounders in many perplexities, asks questions, but does not deny the Messiah because he does not match his criteria. He calls into question his own beliefs.

Jesus is not worried about who has trouble believing, who feels lost in front of the mystery and puzzles of existence, who says that s/he does not understand the thought and actions of God. He is worried about those who confuse one’s own beliefs with the truth of God, those who have ready answers to all questions, those who have always some dogma to impose, those who never allow themselves to be questioned: such a faith at times borders on fanaticism.

Indebted to Fr. Armellini SCJ for textual analysis

© Claretian Missionaries
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2023(甲)將臨期第二主日: 由內而外,除淨罪惡

由內而外,除淨罪惡
福音:瑪3:1-12

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

每年將臨期的第二個主日,禮儀給我們提供洗者若翰的講道。他為將要來到的默西亞預備以色列百姓。同樣,今天,他也教導我們迎接主的將臨。今天,如同那個時候一樣,最難以理解的步驟是:我們需要離開我們當下居住的地方,捨下我們曾接受過的:錯誤的宗教觀和錯誤確證的神學觀,接納嶄新的天主聖言。

我們深入探討若翰宣講的細節以前,我願意把你們的注意力吸引到用來指向洗者若翰的隱喻。他曾被指說中“出自曠野中的呼聲”有些翻譯,把它譯作“在曠野中的呼聲”,當你拿原文與之作比較我,就不那麼準確了。為什麼要把人指作是一個聲音呢?聲音有即逝的特性。某物一發出聲音,聲音即刻消逝,在曠野中,甚至沒有迴響!在那些日子,我們沒有錄製的系統。這正是若翰的預表。他在那裡,只是宣講默西亞的來臨,從那景象消失。這也是每位基督徒的使命。我們如同聲音,向萬民宣告默西亞,從那景象消失。

回到若翰的使命,並非所有人都很好地回應洗者若翰的邀請。並非所有人願意採取行動,徹底改變自己的心。比如:法利塞人和撒杜塞人,他們對洗者若翰的宣講入了迷,卻發覺很難深入其中。他們不願意相信他,反而寧願保證自己的確定性(參看:瑪23:7-10)。他們認為,他們事實上已經成為了亞巴郎的子孫。

對法利塞人和撒杜塞人的回應是嚴厲的:“蝰蛇的同類!”他把他們比作蛇,蛇會在無意識的情況下,向接近它的人注入致死的毒藥。接著,他繼續譴責,宣告即將在他們身上發生的災難。他們面臨將被剪除的風險,他們好似不結果實,將要被砍斷的樹,又似將被焚燒的糠秕。我們面對的景象,創稅是在駁斥在第一篇讀經中,依撒意亞的夢。

這個語述,極具威脅。在洗者若翰的口中,並不驚訝。那些宣講者的表達方式,就是如此。聖經中經常出現這樣的語句。在整個福音文本中,這位元前驅的話所表達的含義,立刻超越當下的含義。

論及天主的義怒時,若翰沒有明確的想法,以表述這種義怒。在舊約中,天主的義怒是經常出現的景象。這不是一種天主對全燔祭表示惱恨的表達方式。這是天主愛的表示:是祂在與邪惡交戰,而非人與邪惡交戰。祂不想打擊人,而是要解救人類,脫離罪惡。

砍倒樹根的斧頭的功用,與耶穌賦給剪斷葡萄藤,使葡萄枝從無用,從其中奪走珍貴的汁液,令其窒息的葡萄藤中得到解脫的剪刀的含義相同。(參看:若15:2)樹木被連根拔起,並被投到火中,並非人所為,而是天主愛護自己兒女,根除當下各階層中,每人身上的罪惡,這罪惡需要被剪除,好使人健全,抽芽吐苞。(參看:瑪3:10)

剪除常是痛苦的,但是,天主所做的一切,常是適度的。他們給新的枝條創造條件,好能生長,並結出果實。

最後,主用扇子完成祂的決斷,是一生動的形象。這顯示了天主為保護每人所做的工作。在人類的法庭上,法官只根據錯謬,基於所造成的錯謬進行判決。他們很少考慮善行。在天主的審斷上,情況截然相反:祂揚起祂聖言的簸箕,讓每人都感受到自己聖神的氣息,吹走糠秕,在打穀場上留下的,只有珍貴的麥粒 —— 仁愛的善工,或少或多,這一切都是每人的仁愛善工。

感謝Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ 對部分文段所做的分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2023(甲)将临期第二主日: 由内而外,除净罪恶

由内而外,除净罪恶
福音:玛3:1-12

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

每年将临期的第二个主日,礼仪给我们提供洗者若翰的讲道。他为将要来到的默西亚预备以色列百姓。同样,今天,他也教导我们迎接主的将临。今天,如同那个时候一样,最难以理解的步骤是:我们需要离开我们当下居住的地方,舍下我们曾接受过的:错误的宗教观和错误确证的神学观,接纳崭新的天主圣言。

我们深入探讨若翰宣讲的细节以前,我愿意把你们的注意力吸引到用来指向洗者若翰的隐喻。他曾被指说中“出自旷野中的呼声”有些翻译,把它译作“在旷野中的呼声”,当你拿原文与之作比较我,就不那么准确了。为什么要把人指作是一个声音呢?声音有即逝的特性。某物一发出声音,声音即刻消逝,在旷野中,甚至没有回响!在那些日子,我们没有录制的系统。这正是若翰的预表。他在那里,只是宣讲默西亚的来临,从那景象消失。这也是每位基督徒的使命。我们如同声音,向万民宣告默西亚,从那景象消失。

回到若翰的使命,并非所有人都很好地回应洗者若翰的邀请。并非所有人愿意采取行动,彻底改变自己的心。比如:法利塞人和撒杜塞人,他们对洗者若翰的宣讲入了迷,却发觉很难深入其中。他们不愿意相信他,反而宁愿保证自己的确定性(参看:玛23:7-10)。他们认为,他们事实上已经成为了亚巴郎的子孙。

对法利塞人和撒杜塞人的回应是严厉的:“蝰蛇的同类!”他把他们比作蛇,蛇会在无意识的情况下,向接近它的人注入致死的毒药。接着,他继续谴责,宣告即将在他们身上发生的灾难。他们面临将被剪除的风险,他们好似不结果实,将要被砍断的树,又似将被焚烧的糠秕。我们面对的景象,创税是在驳斥在第一篇读经中,依撒意亚的梦。

这个语述,极具威胁。在洗者若翰的口中,并不惊讶。那些宣讲者的表达方式,就是如此。圣经中经常出现这样的语句。在整个福音文本中,这位前驱的话所表达的含义,立刻超越当下的含义。

论及天主的义怒时,若翰没有明确的想法,以表述这种义怒。在旧约中,天主的义怒是经常出现的景象。这不是一种天主对全燔祭表示恼恨的表达方式。这是天主爱的表示:是祂在与邪恶交战,而非人与邪恶交战。祂不想打击人,而是要解救人类,脱离罪恶。

砍倒树根的斧头的功用,与耶稣赋给剪断葡萄藤,使葡萄枝从无用,从其中夺走珍贵的汁液,令其窒息的葡萄藤中得到解脱的剪刀的含义相同。(参看:若15:2)树木被连根拔起,并被投到火中,并非人所为,而是天主爱护自己儿女,根除当下各阶层中,每人身上的罪恶,这罪恶需要被剪除,好使人健全,抽芽吐苞。(参看:玛3:10)

剪除常是痛苦的,但是,天主所做的一切,常是适度的。他们给新的枝条创造条件,好能生长,并结出果实。

最后,主用扇子完成祂的决断,是一生动的形象。这显示了天主为保护每人所做的工作。在人类的法庭上,法官只根据错谬,基于所造成的错谬进行判决。他们很少考虑善行。在天主的审断上,情况截然相反:祂扬起祂圣言的簸箕,让每人都感受到自己圣神的气息,吹走糠秕,在打谷场上留下的,只有珍贵的麦粒 —— 仁爱的善工,或少或多,这一切都是每人的仁爱善工。

感谢Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ 对部分文段所做的分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

Homily for 2nd Sunday of Advent in Year A

Purging the Evil from Within
Gospel: Matthew 3:1-12

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

Every year on the second Sunday of Advent, the liturgy offers us the preaching of John the Baptist. He prepared the people of Israel for the coming of the Messiah. So, also today, he teaches us to welcome the advent of the Lord. Today, as then, the most difficult step to take is to understand the need to get out from where we are settled in, leave the false religious and theological security that we have constructed, and welcome the newness of God’s word.

Before we delve into the details of John’s preaching, I would like to draw your attention to the metaphors that are used to refer to John the Baptist. He is referred as “a voice crying out in the wilderness.” Some translations say, “the voice of the one crying out in the wilderness.” This is less accurate when you compare it with the original. Why is someone referred to as a voice? The voice has a fleeting nature. Once something is pronounced, it vanishes and, in the wilderness, it vanishes even without an echo! In those days, we did not have voice recording systems. This indicates the purpose of John. He was there only to announce the coming of the Messiah and vanish from the scene. This is also the mission of every Christian. Like a voice, we need to announce the Messiah to the people and vanish from the scene.

Going back to the mission of John the Baptist, not everyone responded well to the invitation of the Baptist. Not all were willing to work a radical change of heart. The Pharisees and Sadducees, for example, while intrigued by the preaching of John, found it hard to get involved. They did not trust him but preferred to keep their certainties (vv. 7-10). They thought they were already right with God for the fact of being children of Abraham.

The reproach with which the Baptist welcomes Pharisees and Sadducees is severe: “Brood of vipers!” He compares them to snakes that inject their poison of death in those who inadvertently come close to them. Then he moves on to the invective, the announcement of disasters that are about to hit them. They run the risk of being cut off like a tree that does not bear fruit and of being burnt like chaff. We are faced with dramatic images that seem to refute the dream of Isaiah in the first reading.

The tone is threatening, and it is not surprising on the lips of John the Baptist. The preachers of that time expressed themselves that way. This is the language that often appears in the Bible. In the context of the whole gospel, the words of the precursor take on a meaning that goes beyond the immediate.
When he spoke of God’s wrath, John had no clear idea of how it would manifest. The wrath of God is an image that recurs often in the Old Testament. It is not intended as an explosion of hatred on the victim. It is an expression of God’s love: he is fighting evil, not the person who does it. He does not want to hit the person but to free each one from sin.

The axe, which cuts the trees at the root, has the same function given by Jesus to the scissors pruning the vine and freeing it from useless branches that deprive it of precious sap and suffocate it (Jn 15:2). The trees uprooted and thrown into the fire are not the people that God always loves as children but the roots of evil that are present in every person and in every structure, and need to be cut to pieces so that the healthy ones can sprout more buds (Mt 3:10).

The cuts are always painful, but those done by God are providential. They create the conditions for new branches to sprout and produce fruits.

The fan, finally, with which the Lord realizes his judgment, is a living image. It describes the way in which God screens the work of every person. In human courts, judges take into account only the errors and pronounce judgment on the basis of the harm done. They take little account of good works. In the judgment of God, the exact opposite happens: he, with the winnowing fan of his word, puts every person under the discerning breath of his Spirit that blows away the chaff and leaves only the precious grains on the threshing floor—the works of love, few or many, that each one had performed.

Indebted to Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ
for parts of the textual analysis

© Claretian Missionaries
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2023(甲)將臨期第一主日: 使人得救的判斷

使人得救的判斷
福音:瑪24:37-44

Fr Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

今天福音所用的語言能導致對世界末日和天主進行的審判(事件)的過度解讀。它也能簡化為:(天主)邀請人常常預備妥當,因為死亡可能會突然來臨,使我們措手不及。這些解讀都源於缺乏對耶穌時期廣泛運用默示性文體的理解,從我們的理解和文化來看,這完全是陌生的。

我們應常牢記一點:就其本質而言,福音是好的訊息,喜樂和希望的訊息。誰若把這福音用作灌輸恐懼和焦慮,就是不正確的,疏遠了福音文本的真意。讓我們回顧一下,(教會)今天給出的福音的內容。

讓我們一段一段來讀。一天,門徒們邀請師傅觀看聖殿宏偉的建築。耶穌沒有同享他們正當的驕傲,反用一句預言,使他們感到驚訝:“你們看見這一切了嗎?我向你們保證:在這裡,沒有一塊石頭會留在另一塊石頭上的。這一切都要被推翻。”(瑪24:2)拒絕悔改的耶路撒冷,正在宣告自己的衰落。

令人感到震驚的是:門徒問了祂兩個問題:“這事會在何時發生?”“警示性的標記是什麼呢?”為了滿足他們的好奇心,耶穌藉著導入為一切時代的人有益的教導,回答他們:保持醒寤,十分必要。為了更好澄清,祂引用了三個例子:

第一個例子取自聖經的故事 (創6-9)在諾厄時代,有兩類人:有些人只想著吃,想著喝,享受歡樂。他們毫無準備,因而滅亡。另有一些人:他們保持醒寤,留心將要發生的事。他們意識到,洪水正在逼近;他們得救了,開始一項新的人生。(同上37-39)

正如洪水突然來到,耶穌說,耶路撒冷的毀滅,也要突然來到。正如在諾厄時代,許多人死了,同樣,在耶穌時代,誰不承認祂是天主的使者,不聽從祂的勸言,必在今世的災禍中滅亡。凡開啟自己的眼目,敞開心扉,承認並接受祂的訊息的,必要受生,成為新人。

第二個例子,靈感來源於效法婦人們日常所做的事,她們田間工作,預備麵團,製作麵包。她們投身工作,賺得生計,也吃也喝也嫁娶。選擇對兩個所做相同的事作出評判斷的標準,是一項很好的默思主題,耶穌曾經提過:兩人做的事相同,一人藉著天主成義,另一人卻沒有。稅吏成了義人,因為他覺察到:自己不堪受天主的祝福。許多人在聖殿的銀庫內奉獻,可是,寡婦的奉獻被收納了,因為她所奉獻的,是她的全部。耶穌也曾講過行善的人。一人做事,左手不知道右手正做的事,這人所做的事,就被天主所悅納。因此,天主悅納的評判標準,純粹系於一人做事背後的態度和意圖,遠勝於行為本身。對今世的掛慮,應接不暇之人,被(天主)撇下,意思是:他們沒有被囊括在天主國的實體中。

要作出的決定是緊急的,並帶有戲劇性的;這個決定,是生與死之間的選擇,耶穌強調:“你們要醒午,因為你們不知道天主的日子,何時來到。”(同上,第42節)。值得一提的是:我們生命行將終結的時候,耶穌不是來同我們一較高下的。今天,祂帶著使人得救的判決而來。

最後的結論抓住了今天福音段落的主題,各個時期的門徒都適用:“因此,你們要醒寤,因為,在你們不曾料想的時刻,人子就要來到。”我們知道失去得蒙寵愛的含義。因此,在很多時候,我們都有這樣的經驗。這些事越是令人驚訝,越是出乎意料,越是超出我們的評判標準,我們越會把他們略過。在我們的生活中,天主時常會眷顧我們,他們很難把握這個時機,因為這個時機與屬人的智識,格格不入,無法調和。它們同當下的意識形態,截然相反。

只有時時醒寤的人,才能認出這些時機,才能在當下得到救贖。

借用 Fr. Fernando Armellini 的文本作分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)
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