2022(丙)常年期第廿九主日:容易失去信德之时

容易失去信德之时
福音:路 18:1-8

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

人的信德,在逆境中经受考验。这是确实的,特别是我们在祈祷中遭受挫折的时候。反复祈祷后,如果我们发现:天主并没有采取行动,绝大多数人会感到沮丧。有些人会开始抱怨天主,有些人会失去信心,另有些人会自我怀疑。人会指责自己过去做的错事,假想天主为了这些错事,惩罚他们。那些自我怀疑的,特别容易受到巫术,和其它在魔鬼的帮助下,实现某个目的行为的伤害。

今天的读经帮助我们反思我们自己的祈祷习惯。福音的段落,使我想到了,有些我常常想要求问的问题。我们为何要受到邀请,坚持祈祷呢?祈祷的意义是什么?

耶稣藉不义判官的比喻作为回应。判官的职责,应当是保护弱者和无防卫者。但是,这人是邪恶的。他既不怕惧天主,也不关心于人,对寡妇要求对她案件的关注,漠不关心。

这位寡妇,是那些无防卫者和遭受虐待者的象征。她被不公正对待,主张权利,但是,没有人听她。使全世界的穷人明白的事情,只有一样:公正指的是那些有钱有势的人。他们时常选择,不为自己的权利而战,因为他们害怕自己会变得更贫穷,甚至失去性命。这位妇女手中的牌只有一张,她打出了这张牌:她不断纠缠那位判官,执拗,以自己的不严谨,作为代价。

在一个长时间等待以后,那位判官决定解决这个案件,并不是因为他觉察到自己的行为不当,而是因为他由于这妇人的执拗和纠缠,感到疲惫,感到恼火。他认为:这位妇人使人感到痛苦,她使我烦恼,使我无法忍受。

谁是这位不义的判官?谁是这位寡妇?为了明白这点,我们需要了解说这话的历史时刻。我们正处于第一世纪八十年代,那时候,在小亚细亚,一场血腥的迫害开始了。图密善(Domitian)声明:众人必须把他当作神明一样朝拜。外邦的宗教团体已经臣服了。基督徒并没有臣服。他们不能 —— 正如默示录所说的那样(默13)—— 在“野兽”(图密善女神)面前跪拜,为此,他们受到滋扰,并被区别对待。

显然,比喻中提到的寡妇就是:路加的教会,就是新郎被带走的教会;一个期盼祂来临的团体,即使她不能知道祂回来的时日,她每天都在祈求:“主耶稣,快来。”(默22:20)

上主答复了路加所在团体的疑问,祂提出一个颇有修辞性的问题:“天主不会替那日夜向祂哀求的人伸张正义吗?”随之而来的,是一个无可争辩的答复:“是的,我给你说,祂很快就替他们伸张正义;虽然他们已经等待了很长的时间。”

引诱基督徒的一个主要诱因是:当他们面临:长久等待,新郎来迟,经受不公的时候,他们会变得沮丧。寡妇看到判官无理由的迟缓, 本可以放弃,因那一日遭受不公,感到绝望。上主再次警醒基督徒团体留意 :不断沮丧的危险举动,认为新郎不会来到,不会主持公道。祂必要来到,但是,祂会找到那些预备妥当,蒙祂拣选,正在等待祂的人吗?对某些人而言,新郎的迟延来到,可能会使他们失去信德!

这是这则预言的讯息:祈祷。耶稣这样说 —— 圣史说 —— 不断灌输这样的信念:时常祈祷,十分必要。祈祷是不断同上主对话和磋商。向上主举起祈祷的手臂,直到晚上,直到战胜沮丧!

最后一样:有些延迟应允的祈祷,是相当的,这样,我们就会重视天主对我们祈祷的回应。立刻就能得到的应允是廉价的,容易荒废的。时间会使我们分辨出什么是我们真切需要的。但是,在那个阶段,不应出现沮丧的情绪。我们的力量,不断是出于信德的力量,或是出于出于人性的力量,在于我们用来化解沮丧的时候,天主赐给我们恩宠的幅度。

借用Fernando Armellini SCJ神父的文段进行分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

Homily for twenty-ninth Sunday in Ordinary Time in Year C

At times it is easy to lose one’s faith
Gospel: Luke 18:1-8


Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

A person’s faith is tested in adversities. It is true especially when we are facing discouragements in prayer. After repeated prayers, if we find God is not taking any action, most people feel discouraged. Some will start complaints about God and some lose faith and there are still others who fall into self-doubt. One could accuse oneself of wrong doings of the past and imagine God punishing for them. Those who are in self-doubt are particularly vulnerable to witchcrafts, and other practices to achieve their objective with the help of the evil.

The readings today help us to reflect on our own habits of prayer. The passage brings to mind some questions we have always wanted to ask. Why are we invited to pray insistently? What is the meaning of prayer?

Jesus responds today with a parable of an unjust judge. The duty of the judge should be to protect the weak and the defenseless. But this man is wicked. He neither fears God nor cares about people and is totally unspymathetic to the widow who is asking for his attention on her case.

The widow is a symbol of the defenseless and those exposed to abuse. She has been wronged and claims her rights but no one listens to her. If there is one thing that the poor understand all over the world is one thing; justice is meant for those who have money and influence. They often choose not to fight for their rights, for justice for fear of becoming even poorer or losing their lives. This woman has a single card in hand and she plays it: she pesters the judge repeatedly, with obstinacy, at the cost of looking indiscreet.

After a long wait, the judge decides to solve the case not because he realizes his misbehavior but he is tired and annoyed by the insistence of the woman. He thinks, this widow is troublesome; she pesters me and becomes unbearable.

Who is the unjust judge? Who is the widow? To understand this we need to know the historical juncture in which the words are spoken. We are in the 80s of the first century, when, in Asia Minor, a very violent persecution starts. Emperor, Domitian claims that all should adore him as a god. The pagan religious institutions have surrendered. The Christians have not. They cannot—as the book of Revelation says (Rev 13)—bow before the “beast” (the Domitian divo) and for this, they undergo harassment and discrimination.

Now it’s clear who the widow of the parable is: it is the church of Luke, the church whose Spouse is taken away; it is this community that awaits his coming, even though she may not know the day or the hour of his return and that each day, with insistence, she is pleading: “Come, Lord Jesus” (Rev 22:20).

The Lord is answering the dilemma of the Lukan community. He makes a rhetoric question, “And will God not give justice to his chosen ones who day and night cry to him!” followed by a peremptory affirmation, “Yes, I tell you, he will bring justice to them soon; even if he makes them wait for long.”

A major temptation of Christians is to get discouraged and in the face of a long wait for the Spouse who delays and tolerates injustice. Seeing the inexplicable slowness of the judge, the widow could have resigned and despaired to the fate of not obtaining justice one day. The Lord alerts the community against this danger represented by discouragement and resignation to the thought that the Spouse is not coming any more to render justice. He will surely come, but will he find his chosen ones ready to welcome him? To someone, his slowness could cause a loss of faith!

Here is the message of the parable: pray. Jesus has told so—says the evangelist—to inculcate the belief that it is necessary to pray always, without ceasing. Prayer is being in constant conversation and consultation with the Lord. Keep the arms of prayer raised to the Lord until evening, until the battle over discouragement is won!

And the last thing is; some delay in answering to the prayers is worth the while so that we value the answers to our prayers. What is available immediately is also considered cheap and wasted easily. Time also makes us discern what we really need. But, discouragement in the process should not happen. Our strength, be it of faith or personality, is measured to the grace with which we handle discouragement

Text analysis indebted to Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ

© Claretian Missionaries
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

Homily for 28th Sunday of Ordinary Time Year C in 2022

From Healing to Faith
Gospel: Luke 17:11-19


Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

The gospel narrates the healing of ten persons with leprosy. The significant part of it is that one Samaritan among the ten returns to meet Jesus. We can run the risk of reducing the message of today’s Gospel to a lesson of good manners, to remember to say thank you to those who help us.

The invisible codes running in this narrative is stunning. Think of the Jews and Samaritans who have traditional enmity, now living together, once they contracted leprosy! Sometimes, it needs an adversity for us to forgo our egos and false securities and identities we have built around us. An Indian village where people practiced caste distances suddenly began to submerge in a flood in 2018. Some low caste men reached out to a high cast lady to move her to safety. This lady who would not have allowed any low cast people to touch her, now had to literally sit on their shoulders to move to safety. Adversities make people forget futile marginalization of people to feel proud about themselves.

The story extends to our own faith lives as well. All of us, one or the other way are scarred by the leprosy of sin. Whoever is not aware of one’s own condition of being a sinner ends up considering oneself righteous and with the duty to condemn others to the margins. God has not created two worlds: one for the good ones and the other for the wicked ones but—be it in the present or in the future—a unique world wherein he calls all his children to live together, all sinners saved by his love.

The numbers referred in the gospel passage are not casual but shockingly meaningful. There were nine Jews among the lepers and one Samaritan! How do the Jews who practiced such ritual purity and cleanliness end up having more lepers among them! The story is not just about leprosy but about sin and marginalization. It says that there are more marginalized people from Jewish religion than from the Samaritans. It also talks about the inability of the nine to identify God’s presence even when they got healed. Jesus is challenging the religion that marginalizes and outcasts people.

In the gospel of Mark we read, after stretching his hand and curing them, Jesus could no longer enter publicly in a city but stayed outside in deserted places (Mk 1:45). Jesus knew that touching the leper he made a gesture that would make him unclean and for that, he had to distance himself from the society of the pure. He touched him all the same because he chose to share the condition of the marginalized, excluded and outcasts.

At the end, Jesus remains surprised: a Samaritan—a heretic, a non-believer—had an insight, which the nine Jews, sons of his people, educated in the faith and knowledgeable of the Scriptures, did not have. Along the way, all ten were aware that Jesus was a healer. The great news was immediately announced to the spiritual guides of Israel. God has visited his people. He has sent a prophet on par with Elisha. Until here, all the ten arrived.

A new light brightened only in the mind and heart of the Samaritan: he understood that Jesus was more than a healer. In his act of salvation, the leper captured the message of God. He, the heretic who did not believe in the prophets, had surprisingly intuited that God has sent him, whom the prophets announced: He opens the eyes of the blind, the deaf hear, the lame walk, the dead are raised to life and the lepers are made clean (Lk 7:22).

He is the first to truly grasp that God is not far from the lepers. He does not escape nor reject them. He knew what he must say to those who institutionalized, in the name of God, the marginalization of the lepers: get over with religion that excludes, judges, condemns the impure persons! In Jesus, the Lord appeared in their midst; he touches and heals them. The message of joy is this: the impure, the heretics, the marginalized are not only closer to God, but they get to him and to Christ first and in a more authentic way than the others.

Not everyone who is healed is saved. One was saved, the one Samaritan who recognized Jesus as the saviour. The others were only healed. Getting healed and working miracles are not the guarantee to be part of God’s Kingdom but, faith is, the faith that Jesus is the savior and is closer to the poor and marginalized, and that he would touch them personally and intervene in their lives.

Indebted to Fr. Armellini for some textual analysis

© Claretian Missionaries
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2022(丙)常年期第廿八主日:從被醫治到相信

福音:路 17:11-19

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

福音講述的是十位癩病人獲得痊癒的故事。其中最重要的部分是:十人中的一個撒瑪黎雅人,回來見耶穌。我們能把今天的福音,看作一個冒險以良好的行為,減少風險的教訓,使我們記得,向那些幫助我們的人致謝。

在這敘述中隱性法律令人震驚。想一下:猶太人和撒瑪黎雅人之間有世仇,他們一患上癩病,就一起生活!有時,為我們而言,急需一個困境,使我們放棄自負,虛假的安全感,分辨在我們四周的人。在一個印度村莊,在那裡遵行的是有距離的種姓制度。在2018年,一陣洪水突然把那裡淹沒。有些低階種姓的男人,伸手營救一位高階種姓的女子,把她轉移到一個安全的地方。這位女子不許任何低階種姓的人觸碰她,現在,她必須坐在他們的肩上,才能被轉移到一個安全的地方。困境使人忘記無效的邊緣化,為自己感到自豪。

這則故事,也延展到我們的信仰生活。我們眾人,不論怎樣,都因罪的癩病,傷痕累累。誰若不知道自己成了罪人的處境,最終都會把自己看作義人,認為自己有責任使別人被邊緣化。天主並沒有創造兩個世界:一個是為善人,另一個是為惡人 —— 不論是在當下,或是在未來 —— 一個獨特的世界,祂召叫所有祂的子女在一起度生,所有罪人,因祂的仁愛而獲救 。

福音中提到的數位,並非是隨意的,而是具有非凡含義的。在癩病人中間,有九個是猶太人,一個是撒瑪黎雅人!舉行取潔和潔淨禮的猶太人,在他們中間,患癩病的,怎麼會更多呢?這則故事,不僅是關於癩病的,也關於罪惡和邊緣化。就是說:從猶太教被邊緣化的人,比從撒瑪黎雅人被邊緣化的人要多。這也是在講論,那九人的無能,即使他們已被治癒,也沒有分辨出臨在的天主。耶穌是在挑戰使人被邊緣化和把人驅逐出去的宗教觀。

在我們讀過的聖瑪律谷福音中,耶穌伸手治好他們以後,耶穌不能公開進城,只能在城外的荒野地方(參看:穀1:45)。耶穌知道,祂接觸癩病人的舉止,使自己變得不潔,因此,衪不得不離開純潔的社會。祂接觸他們所有人,因為祂選擇分擔被人邊緣化,被人排除,被人驅逐的狀況。

最後,耶穌仍然感到驚訝:一個撒瑪黎雅人 —— 一個異教徒,一個不相信的人 —— 具有這樣的觀點,那九個,受過信仰和聖經智識教育的,自己的子民,並沒有這樣的遠見。在路上,那十人意識到,耶穌就是醫治他們的人。這則重大的新聞,傳遍了受聖經引導的以色列。天主眷顧了自己的百姓。祂派遣了一位與厄裡亞不相上下的先知。至此,那十人才明白。

一束新光,只光照那撒瑪黎雅人的心思:他明白,耶穌不僅僅是一個醫治人的人。在祂的救援性行動中,自己作為一個不相信先知書的異教徒,憑藉直覺,意外認為:是天主派遣祂,是先知所預言的:祂要開啟盲人的眼睛,使聾子聽見,使跛子行走,使死人復活,使癩病人潔淨(路7:22)

他是那癩病人中間,首個真正緊緊把握住,離癩病人不遠的天主。祂並沒有逃避他們,並沒有拒絕他們。他明白,自己必須要因主之名,向那些教條主義的人,向那些被邊緣化的癩病人發言:終結被排除,審斷,譴責不潔之人的宗教觀!天主在耶穌內,在他們中間顯現:祂接觸他們,醫治他們。福音的喜訊就在於此:不潔的人,背命的人,被邊緣化的人,不但更容易接近天主,也能更容易得到祂,藉比別人更真誠的行為,率先接近耶穌。

並非所有得到醫治的人都得救。只有一人得救了,就是那認出耶穌是救主的撒瑪黎雅人。其他人只是得到醫治。得到醫治,彰顯奇跡,不能保證有份于天主的國,但是,信德,相信耶穌是救主的信德,接近窮人和邊緣化的人,好使祂能親自接觸他們,介入他們的生活。

借用Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ的文段進行分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2022(丙) 常年期第廿八主日:从被医治到相信

福音:路 17:11-19

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

福音讲述的是十位癞病人获得痊愈的故事。其中最重要的部分是:十人中的一个撒玛黎雅人,回来见耶稣。我们能把今天的福音,看作一个冒险以良好的行为,减少风险的教训,使我们记得,向那些帮助我们的人致谢。

在这叙述中隐性法律令人震惊。想一下:犹太人和撒玛黎雅人之间有世仇,他们一患上癞病,就一起生活!有时,为我们而言,急需一个困境,使我们放弃自负,虚假的安全感,分辨在我们四周的人。在一个印度村庄,在那里遵行的是有距离的种姓制度。在2018年,一阵洪水突然把那里淹没。有些低阶种姓的男人,伸手营救一位高阶种姓的女子,把她转移到一个安全的地方。这位女子不许任何低阶种姓的人触碰她,现在,她必须坐在他们的肩上,才能被转移到一个安全的地方。困境使人忘记无效的边缘化,为自己感到自豪。

这则故事,也延展到我们的信仰生活。我们众人,不论怎样,都因罪的癞病,伤痕累累。谁若不知道自己成了罪人的处境,最终都会把自己看作义人,认为自己有责任使别人被边缘化。天主并没有创造两个世界:一个是为善人,另一个是为恶人 —— 不论是在当下,或是在未来 —— 一个独特的世界,祂召叫所有祂的子女在一起度生,所有罪人,因祂的仁爱而获救 。

福音中提到的数字,并非是随意的,而是具有非凡含义的。在癞病人中间,有九个是犹太人,一个是撒玛黎雅人!举行取洁和洁净礼的犹太人,在他们中间,患癞病的,怎么会更多呢?这则故事,不仅是关于癞病的,也关于罪恶和边缘化。就是说:从犹太教被边缘化的人,比从撒玛黎雅人被边缘化的人要多。这也是在讲论,那九人的无能,即使他们已被治愈,也没有分辨出临在的天主。耶稣是在挑战使人被边缘化和把人驱逐出去的宗教观。

在我们读过的圣马尔谷福音中,耶稣伸手治好他们以后,耶稣不能公开进城,只能在城外的荒野地方(参看:谷1:45)。耶稣知道,祂接触癞病人的举止,使自己变得不洁,因此,衪不得不离开纯洁的社会。祂接触他们所有人,因为祂选择分担被人边缘化,被人排除,被人驱逐的状况。

最后,耶稣仍然感到惊讶:一个撒玛黎雅人 —— 一个异教徒,一个不相信的人 —— 具有这样的观点,那九个,受过信仰和圣经智识教育的,自己的子民,并没有这样的远见。在路上,那十人意识到,耶稣就是医治他们的人。这则重大的新闻,传遍了受圣经引导的以色列。天主眷顾了自己的百姓。祂派遣了一位与厄里亚不相上下的先知。至此,那十人才明白。

一束新光,只光照那撒玛黎雅人的心思:他明白,耶稣不仅仅是一个医治人的人。在祂的救援性行动中,自己作为一个不相信先知书的异教徒,凭借直觉,意外认为:是天主派遣祂,是先知所预言的:祂要开启盲人的眼睛,使聋子听见,使跛子行走,使死人复活,使癞病人洁净(路7:22)

他是那癞病人中间,首个真正紧紧把握住,离癞病人不远的天主。祂并没有逃避他们,并没有拒绝他们。他明白,自己必须要因主之名,向那些教条主义的人,向那些被边缘化的癞病人发言:终结被排除,审断,谴责不洁之人的宗教观!天主在耶稣内,在他们中间显现:祂接触他们,医治他们。福音的喜讯就在于此:不洁的人,背命的人,被边缘化的人,不但更容易接近天主,也能更容易得到祂,藉比别人更真诚的行为,率先接近耶稣。

并非所有得到医治的人都得救。只有一人得救了,就是那认出耶稣是救主的撒玛黎雅人。其他人只是得到医治。得到医治,彰显奇迹,不能保证有份于天主的国,但是,信德,相信耶稣是救主的信德,接近穷人和边缘化的人,好使祂能亲自接触他们,介入他们的生活。

借用Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ的文段进行分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2022(丙) 常年期第廿七主日:我們能繼續在一個有功績的宗教中度生嗎?

福音: Luke 17:5-10

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

“請增加我們的信德。”是今天,門徒的祈禱。信德能增長嗎?如果信德淪為對一系列真理的認同,信德就不能增長。但是,如果信仰在對上主的無條件依賴中成長,那麼,就能很容易辨識出信德的增衰。就像一個孩子越來越信任一個讓人放心的父親一樣,情感聯繫是建立在熟悉的基礎上的。一個父親,如果在孩子出生後的最初幾年,沒有在孩子身邊,這樣的信賴,就會衰減。

我們每天體驗的,是不確定和動搖的信仰。我們相信耶穌,但是,我們不完全信賴祂。我們沒有勇氣,把自己從某些習慣中解脫出來,放棄某些習慣。這樣,我們就需要一個加強自身的信念。為解釋在信仰中成長,耶穌用一棵樹作比喻。如果耶穌是指梧桐樹,便是在影射被連根拔起。這樹的根徑,能存活六百年,難以被連根拔起。耶穌說:信仰能實現某些,如同把梧桐樹連根拔起,或把桑樹投到海中一樣,不可能的一些事。

祂談到的這些奇跡,是指當我們相信福音,付諸實行,使我們的社會,我們身處的世界,發生可能的轉變。因為凡相信的 ——耶穌說—— 不存在不可挽回的狀況。那些相信祂的話的,必要成為傑出和意想不到之事的證人。但是,耶穌提醒說:沒有人為了得到巨大的賞報,相信天主。祂講述了一個僕人的比喻,給我們留下一些痛苦的失望。一天勞苦工作以後,僕人非常疲憊,回到家中。主人沒有為他提供的服務讚賞他,相反,主人邀請他坐下 ,吃一塊餅,嚴厲要求說:“先事奉我,我吃飽以後,你才可以吃飯。”

耶穌運用這個舉例,傳播祂神學性的訊息。祂想要糾正在那個時代,法利塞神師所宣講的,有功績的宗教。那時,他們說:生命終了的時候,天主要按照每人的表現,予以酬報。 多多行善:祈禱,禁食,施捨,行為虔誠,獻祭,仔細遵守誡命和規條,從天主那裡得到賞報,就是法利塞人。

天主好似一個主人,祂獎賞行為完備的僕人,完全符合我們的邏輯。我們認為:理當這樣想像天主。我們沒有意識到:我們的推論,與法利塞人,極其相似。品行正直,以得功績,把自己放在個人利益的中心,幫助兄弟/姐妹更好地度一個屬靈的生活。因有功績的生活所引發的主要問題是:把天主降維成一個負責維護會計帳目的會計,好能準確無誤,記錄每筆帳目的借方和貸方。這樣的比喻,是想毀掉天主的形象。

我們行善,好能在天主前賞報,正是因為這樣根深蒂固的觀念,使得我們不斷重複說:“我們只是僕人,我們沒有做超越我們職責的事。”的時候,感到非常不安。耶穌並非是要降低對善行的評價。相反,祂試圖要把我們從一個危險的利己行為中得到解放。耶穌想要我們明白:法利塞式行善的行為是愚蠢的,因為所有的善行,常常是天主白白賞賜的。保祿說:“你有什麼呢?你所有的,不正是你所領受的嗎?如果是你所領受的,那麼,你為什麼驕傲,好像這不是你所領受的呢?”(格前4:7)

借用Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ的文段進行分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2022(丙) 常年期第廿七主日:我们能继续在一个有功绩的宗教中度生吗?

福音: Luke 17:5-10

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

“请增加我们的信德。”是今天,门徒的祈祷。信德能增长吗?如果信德沦为对一系列真理的认同,信德就不能增长。但是,如果信仰在对上主的无条件依赖中成长,那么,就能很容易辨识出信德的增衰。就像一个孩子越来越信任一个让人放心的父亲一样,情感联系是建立在熟悉的基础上的。一个父亲,如果在孩子出生后的最初几年,没有在孩子身边,这样的信赖,就会衰减。

我们每天体验的,是不确定和动摇的信仰。我们相信耶稣,但是,我们不完全信赖祂。我们没有勇气,把自己从某些习惯中解脱出来,放弃某些习惯。这样,我们就需要一个加强自身的信念。为解释在信仰中成长,耶稣用一棵树作比喻。如果耶稣是指梧桐树,便是在影射被连根拔起。这树的根径,能存活六百年,难以被连根拔起。耶稣说:信仰能实现某些,如同把梧桐树连根拔起,或把桑树投到海中一样,不可能的一些事。

祂谈到的这些奇迹,是指当我们相信福音,付诸实行,使我们的社会,我们身处的世界,发生可能的转变。因为凡相信的 ——耶稣说—— 不存在不可挽回的状况。那些相信祂的话的,必要成为杰出和意想不到之事的证人。但是,耶稣提醒说:没有人为了得到巨大的赏报,相信天主。祂讲述了一个仆人的比喻,给我们留下一些痛苦的失望。一天劳苦工作以后,仆人非常疲惫,回到家中。主人没有为他提供的服务赞赏他,相反,主人邀请他坐下 ,吃一块饼,严厉要求说:“先事奉我,我吃饱以后,你才可以吃饭。”

耶稣运用这个举例,传播祂神学性的讯息。祂想要纠正在那个时代,法利塞神师所宣讲的,有功绩的宗教。那时,他们说:生命终了的时候,天主要按照每人的表现,予以酬报。 多多行善:祈祷,禁食,施舍,行为虔诚,献祭,仔细遵守诫命和规条,从天主那里得到赏报,就是法利塞人。

天主好似一个主人,祂奖赏行为完备的仆人,完全符合我们的逻辑。我们认为:理当这样想象天主。我们没有意识到:我们的推论,与法利塞人,极其相似。品行正直,以得功绩,把自己放在个人利益的中心,帮助兄弟/姐妹更好地度一个属灵的生活。因有功绩的生活所引发的主要问题是:把天主降维成一个负责维护会计账目的会计,好能准确无误,记录每笔账目的借方和贷方。这样的比喻,是想毁掉天主的形象。

我们行善,好能在天主前赏报,正是因为这样根深蒂固的观念,使得我们不断重复说:“我们只是仆人,我们没有做超越我们职责的事。”的时候,感到非常不安。耶稣并非是要降低对善行的评价。相反,祂试图要把我们从一个危险的利己行为中得到解放。耶稣想要我们明白:法利塞式行善的行为是愚蠢的,因为所有的善行,常常是天主白白赏赐的。保禄说:“你有什么呢?你所有的,不正是你所领受的吗?如果是你所领受的,那么,你为什么骄傲,好像这不是你所领受的呢?”(格前4:7)

借用Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ的文段进行分析

©全属于祢(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(圣母圣心爱子会)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

Homily for 27th Sunday in Ordinary Time Year C in 2022

Can We Continue to Live in a Religion of Merits ?
Gospel: Luke 17:5-10


Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

“Increase our faith.” It is the prayer of the disciples today. Can faith grow? If faith is reduced to the assent given to a list of truths, it cannot grow. But, if faith as growing in an unconditional trust in the Lord, then, it is easy to realize that faith can grow or diminish. Just like a child increasingly trusts in a reassuring father as an emotional connection is established based on familiarity. The trust could diminish, if the father has not been around the child during the early years of its life.

An uncertain and wavering faith is our own daily experience. We believe in Jesus, but we do not trust him totally. We don’t have the courage to untie ourselves from certain habits, to make certain renouncements. Here we have a faith that needs to strengthen itself. To explain the growth in faith, Jesus employs a tree. If Jesus refers to a sycamore tree, then the allusion is to its very strong roots. The roots can withstand for over six hundred years and it is very difficult to uproot them. Jesus says: Faith is capable of realizing something as impossible as uprooting a sycamore or to making a mulberry grow in the sea.

These miracles he spoke of refers to the possibility of the transformations that can happen in our society and in the world when we trust the word of the Gospel and put it into practice. For one who believes—Jesus says—no irremediable situations exist. Those who trust in his word will be witnessing extraordinary and unexpected miracles. But, Jesus also warns that no one might trust in God in order to get rewards. So he narrates the parable of the slave that leaves us a bit bitter and disillusioned. After a hard day’s work, the slave returns home very tired. The master, instead of complimenting him for the service done and inviting him to sit and eat a piece of bread, demands harshly: “First, serve me, after I am satisfied, you will eat supper.”

Jesus makes use of the example to transmit his theological message. He wants to correct the Pharisaic spiritual guidance of that time (in our time too) that preached the religion of merits. They were saying: at the end of life, God will remunerate based on the performance of each one. Multiplying good works: prayers, fasting, alms, religious practices, sacrifices, scrupulous observances of the commandments and precepts for meriting reward from God is Pharisaic.

God, like a master who rewards well behaving servants corresponds perfectly to our logic. We think it right to imagine such a God. We are not aware that we are reasoning exactly like the Pharisees. The one who practices virtues for merits puts himself at the center of his own interests, helps the brothers/sisters to better one’s own spiritual life. The major trouble provoked by the religion of merits is to reduce God to an accountant in charge of maintaining the account books in order and signing accurately the debits and credits of each one. The parable wants to destroy this image of God.

Because of the idea that in doing good we acquire merits before God is too rooted in us we feel very uncomfortable at the prospect of having to repeat, “We are simple servants; we have not done nothing more than our duty.” Jesus does not intend to underestimate the good works. He, rather, tries to liberate us from a dangerous egoism. Jesus wants us to understand that the Pharisaic behavior of doing good works to merit a reward is foolish because all that is good is always a gratuitous gift of God and not a merit of the person. “What do you possess—says Paul—that you have not received? If you have received it, why are you proud of it as if you have not received it?” (1 Cor 4:7).

Indebted to Fr. Fernando Armellini for textual analysis

© Claretian Missionaries
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2022(丙):常年期第廿六主日:與窮人分享是必要的,而非一個選項

福音:路 16:19-31

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

從上主日的福音開始,我們看到耶穌開始了某種基於天主經濟學的一些財務顧問服務。祂建議我們如何有效運用財富。上周,祂建議我們,要用不誠信的財富去建立關係,結束反思時,我們說:“我們應當事奉天主,並要掌管金錢。”今天,祂給我們天主經濟學的另一原則,為天國而言,獨享財富,就是負債。本主日我們討論的富翁和拉匝祿的比喻,就是在討論有關天主在世界性財富分配上的審斷。

在別的比喻中,耶穌並沒有給人物取名。但是,這個比喻中,窮人有了一個名號:拉匝祿。在這個世界上,誰還有名字呢?報紙的首頁是留給誰的呢?是留給富有的人,留給那些成功人士!為耶穌而言,這顯然是相反的。為祂而言,富有的人,可以是任何人,窮人,卻有一個極富有表現力的名字。他的名字是拉匝祿,意思是:天主的助佑。

那位富人,不知何故,當受譴責。他沒有做過任何惡事:沒有人控告他搶劫,也沒有人控告他不支付稅金,虐待自己的僕人,或褻瀆了天主。也許是:他對處於急需的人,漠不關心,對窮人,沒有提供幫助,所以,他所犯下的是一項嚴重不作為的罪。但是,這看上去,未必是真的:拉匝祿坐在他的門口,並沒有到別的地方去。這意味著,他曾得到過一些碎屑。這意味著,他所處的狀況是非人道的。他不得不以食客用自己的手指清潔盤子的碎屑充饑。

那個富人,怎樣呢?他過著狂歡的生活,穿著時髦,儘管他時常花費自己的錢財。因此,按照當下的思考和判斷,他的行為,在道德上,無可指摘。我們也沒有證據表明:拉匝祿是個好人。在這則故事中,沒有其它證據證明的,拉匝祿是位義人,如同約伯一樣受苦。

從這些細小的細節,我們明白: 這則比喻,不是對富人和窮人行為的道德,進行選擇。這並不意味著:誰的表現得體,就能升到天堂,誰作惡,就要下到地獄 —— 顯然 —— 富人沒有犯罪,拉匝祿,也沒有做過善事。

為許多人來說,從富人中間分辨善惡,似乎符合邏輯和本性的。維繫這個觀點的,是世界的不平等,將持續存在,那些超級富豪,只要他們不偷盜,不用施捨,就能與可憐人同住。

耶穌認為:這樣的想法是危險的。祂想要推翻這種想法。在祂所講的比喻中:富人當受譴責,並不是因為他是壞人,而只是因為他原是富有的,他把自己鎖在自己的世界中, 不接受分享美物的邏輯。

關於這則比喻,聖盎博羅削評論說:“你給窮人施捨某物時,你並不是把你所擁有的施捨給他,你是把他所擁有的還給他,因為世界和世上的一切,屬於全體百姓,而非富人所擁有。”

比喻的最後部分(參看:27-31節)把關注的焦點移到了繼續在此世上生活的,那富人的五個兄弟。他們因錯用他們擁有的資財,正經受著自我毀滅的風險。他們代表的,是基督徒團體中那些受到誘惑,傾心于財富的門徒。他們怎樣才能使自己擺脫那不可抗拒的誘惑呢?這位富人,有自己的建議。他兩度堅持,因為他認為:實現目標的方法,只有一個:就是促使他的五個兄弟皈依,使他們悔改。他懇求慈父亞巴郎,透過一個神視,或從陰間,透過夢境傳遞一條資訊,神妙地向他們傳遞這則訊息。

亞巴郎對神跡的說服能力的回應是堅定的,明確的:唯有天主的話,才能迫使富人擺脫自己財富對其心的束縛。在耶穌時代,“梅瑟和先知”是顯明全部聖經的格式。唯有天主聖言,才能顯一奇跡,使富人進入天堂本境。是的,因為這稱得上是一奇跡,好似駱駝穿過針眼一樣,困難重重的奇跡。(路18:25)。誰若使自己不受天主的話所觸動,定會堅持抵抗,使自己不受任何爭端的影響。

借用Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ的文段進行分析

©全屬於禰(Totus Tuus) & Claretian Missionaries(聖母聖心愛子會)
Cum Approbatione Ecclesiastica 2022

2022(丙)常年期第廿六主日:与穷人分享是必要的,而非一个选项

福音:路 16:19-31

Fr. Jijo Kandamkulathy CMF
Claretian Missionaries

从上主日的福音开始,我们看到耶稣开始了某种基于天主经济学的一些财务顾问服务。祂建议我们如何有效运用财富。上周,祂建议我们,要用不诚信的财富去建立关系,结束反思时,我们说:“我们应当事奉天主,并要掌管金钱。”今天,祂给我们天主经济学的另一原则,为天国而言,独享财富,就是负债。本主日我们讨论的富翁和拉匝禄的比喻,就是在讨论有关天主在世界性财富分配上的审断。

在别的比喻中,耶稣并没有给人物取名。但是,这个比喻中,穷人有了一个名号:拉匝禄。在这个世界上,谁还有名字呢?报纸的首页是留给谁的呢?是留给富有的人,留给那些成功人士!为耶稣而言,这显然是相反的。为祂而言,富有的人,可以是任何人,穷人,却有一个极富有表现力的名字。他的名字是拉匝禄,意思是:天主的助佑。

那位富人,不知何故,当受谴责。他没有做过任何恶事:没有人控告他抢劫,也没有人控告他不支付税金,虐待自己的仆人,或亵渎了天主。也许是:他对处于急需的人,漠不关心,对穷人,没有提供帮助,所以,他所犯下的是一项严重不作为的罪。但是,这看上去,未必是真的:拉匝禄坐在他的门口,并没有到别的地方去。这意味着,他曾得到过一些碎屑。这意味着,他所处的状况是非人道的。他不得不以食客用自己的手指清洁盘子的碎屑充饥。

那个富人,怎样呢?他过着狂欢的生活,穿着时髦,尽管他时常花费自己的钱财。因此,按照当下的思考和判断,他的行为,在道德上,无可指摘。我们也没有证据表明:拉匝禄是个好人。在这则故事中,没有其它证据证明的,拉匝禄是位义人,如同约伯一样受苦。

从这些细小的细节,我们明白: 这则比喻,不是对富人和穷人行为的道德,进行选择。这并不意味着:谁的表现得体,就能升到天堂,谁作恶,就要下到地狱 —— 显然 —— 富人没有犯罪,拉匝禄,也没有做过善事。

为许多人来说,从富人中间分辨善恶,似乎符合逻辑和本性的。维系这个观点的,是世界的不平等,将持续存在,那些超级富豪,只要他们不偷盗,不用施舍,就能与可怜人同住。

耶稣认为:这样的想法是危险的。祂想要推翻这种想法。在祂所讲的比喻中:富人当受谴责,并不是因为他是坏人,而只是因为他原是富有的,他把自己锁在自己的世界中, 不接受分享美物的逻辑。

关于这则比喻,圣盎博罗削评论说:“你给穷人施舍某物时,你并不是把你所拥有的施舍给他,你是把他所拥有的还给他,因为世界和世上的一切,属于全体百姓,而非富人所拥有。”

比喻的最后部分(参看:27-31节)把关注的焦点移到了继续在此世上生活的,那富人的五个兄弟。他们因错用他们拥有的资财,正经受着自我毁灭的风险。他们代表的,是基督徒团体中那些受到诱惑,倾心于财富的门徒。他们怎样才能使自己摆脱那不可抗拒的诱惑呢?这位富人,有自己的建议。他两度坚持,因为他认为:实现目标的方法,只有一个:就是促使他的五个兄弟皈依,使他们悔改。他恳求慈父亚巴郎,透过一个神视,或从阴间,透过梦境传递一条信息,神妙地向他们传递这则讯息。

亚巴郎对神迹的说服能力的回应是坚定的,明确的:唯有天主的话,才能迫使富人摆脱自己财富对其心的束缚。在耶稣时代,“梅瑟和先知”是显明全部圣经的格式。唯有天主圣言,才能显一奇迹,使富人进入天堂本境。是的,因为这称得上是一奇迹,好似骆驼穿过针眼一样,困难重重的奇迹。(路18:25)。谁若使自己不受天主的话所触动,定会坚持抵抗,使自己不受任何争端的影响。

借用Fr. Fernando Armellini SCJ的文段进行分析

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